Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of comorbidities that increase pro-inflammatory cytokines (PIC) production, with subsequent body composition (BC) abnormalities and high cardiovascular risk. Treatment with diet and exercise has been suggested as possible non-pharmacological adjuvant treatment. Objective: To determine changes in BC and PIC in patients with MS after a Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) and/or isokinetic exercise (IE). Methods: A controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted at a third-level hospital in Mexico City. Intervention groups: G1: MedDiet + IE; G2: IE; G3: MedDiet; G4: control. Anthropometry, BC, and PIC were collected from the baseline and at 12 weeks post-intervention. MedDiet was estimated from a 24-h recall record. IE consisted of a standard high-intensity anaerobic exercise program. Results: Forty-two patients with MS aged 18–65 years old were included. The most frequent comorbidities were obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. After 6 months of intervention, a significant reduction of resistin was observed within the IE group and MedDiet + IE, whereas the former group also showed an increase in adiponectin. Interventions of MedDiet and MedDiet + IE showed a decrease in IL-10. Regarding BC, all groups increased the resistance values in relation to the baseline but were lower than the control group. Conclusions: The results suggest that MedDiet and IE have a selective impact on pro-inflammatory mediators, while the combination of MedDiet and IE may induce only minor changes in BC.

Pulse-wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) are established methods used in research and clinical ...

Pulse-wave velocity (PWV), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) are established methods used in research and clinical ...

Epidemiological data indicate that Mexico holds the 19th place in cumulative cases (5506.53 per 100,000 inhabitants) of COVID-19 and the 5th place in cumulative deaths (256.14 per 100,000 inhabitants) globally and holds the 4th and 3rd place in cumulative cases and deaths in the Americas region, respectively, with Mexico City being the most affected area. Several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors have been linked to a poor clinical outcome in COVID-19 infection; however, whether socioeconomic and welfare factors are associated with clinical outcome has been scanty addressed. This study tried to investigate the association of Social Welfare Index (SWI) with hospitalization and severity due to COVID-19. A retrospective analysis was conducted at the Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”—ISSSTE, based in Mexico City, Mexico. A total of 3963 patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, registered from March to July 2020, were included, retrieved information from the Virology Analysis and Reference Unit Database. Demographic, symptoms and clinical data were analyzed, as well as the SWI, a multidimensional parameter based on living and household conditions. An adjusted binary logistic regression model was performed in order to compare the outcomes of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation requirement (MVR) and mortality between SWI categories: Very high (VHi), high (Hi), medium (M) and low (L). The main findings show that lower SWI were independently associated with higher probability for hospital entry: VHi vs. Hi vs. M vs. L-SWI (0 vs. +0.24 [OR = 1.24, CI_95% 1.01–1.53] vs. +0.90 [OR = 1.90, CI_95% 1.56–2.32] vs. 0.73 [OR = 1.73, CI_95% 1.36–2.19], respectively); Mechanical Ventilation Requirement: VHi vs. M vs. L-SWI (0 vs. +0.45 [OR = 1.45, CI_95% 1.11–1.87] vs. +0.35 [OR = 1.35, CI_95% 1.00–1.82]) and mortality: VHi vs. Hi vs. M (0 vs. +0.54 [OR = 1.54, CI_95% 1.22–1.94] vs. +0.41 [OR = 1.41, CI_95% 1.13–1.76]). We concluded that SWI was independently associated with the poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19, beyond demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics.

Introducción: la cardiopatía isquémica (CI) se define como una perfusión deficiente de sangre y oxígeno al miocardio que provoca alteraciones indirectas a nivel muscular, y que ha reportado en los pacientes cardiópatas estados de nutrición alterados con baja masa musculoesquelética. El ángulo de fase (AF) y la fuerza prensil de mano (FPM) se han utilizado como marcadores pronósticos y determinantes del estado nutricional relacionados con la salud musculoesquelética y con la funcionalidad del tejido muscular. Si bien estudios previos han encontrado una correlación positiva entre estos parámetros en distintas poblaciones, en pacientes con CI la evidencia aún es limitada. Objetivo: evaluar la correlación entre el AF con la FPM en pacientes con CI. Método: se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal analítico en el Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) “20 de Noviembre” del Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE). Se incluyeron un total de 435 pacientes del área de rehabilitación cardiaca, hombres y mujeres mayores de 18 años, con diagnóstico confirmado de CI. Se recolectaron variables demográficas, clínicas, del tratamiento médico convencional, comorbilidades, AF mediante impedancia bioeléctrica y FPM por dinamometría de mano. Se realizaron pruebas de correlación, así como un modelo de regresión lineal para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: se encontró una correlación moderada entre el AF y la FPM (rs= 0.41, p < 0.001). Del mismo modo, se observó una asociación (ajustada) entre el AF y la FPM β= 0.303 (IC95 % 0.571-0.033). Conclusiones: se halló una correlación lineal, así como una asociación lineal entre la FPM y el AF en pacientes con CI, lo que muestra que estas variables podrían tener relación para conocer el estado de nutrición vinculado con la salud musculoesquelética y la funcionalidad. Palabras clave: cardiopatía isquémica, ángulo de fase, fuerza prensil de mano, bioimpedancia, dinamometría.