The risk of the emergence and reemergence of zoonoses is high in regions that are under the strong influence of anthropogenic actions, as they contribute to the risk of vector disease transmission. Yellow fever (YF) is among the main pathogenic arboviral diseases in the world, and the Culicidae Aedes albopictus has been proposed as having the potential to transmit the yellow fever virus (YFV). This mosquito inhabits both urban and wild environments, and under experimental conditions, it has been shown to be susceptible to infection by YFV. In this study, the vector competence of the mosquito Ae. albopictus for the YFV was investigated. Female Ae. albopictus were exposed to non-human primates (NHP) of the genus Callithrix infected with YFV via a needle inoculation. Subsequently, on the 14th and 21st days post-infection, the legs, heads, thorax/abdomen and saliva of the arthropods were collected and analyzed by viral isolation and molecular analysis techniques to verify the infection, dissemination and transmission. The presence of YFV was detected in the saliva samples through viral isolation and in the head, thorax/abdomen and legs both by viral isolation and by molecular detection. The susceptibility of Ae. albopictus to YFV confers a potential risk of reemergence of urban YF in Brazil.

West Nile virus is characterized as a neurotropic pathogen, which can cause West Nile fever and is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Culex. In 2018, the Instituto Evandro Chagas performed the first isolation of a WNV strain in Brazil from a horse brain sample. The present study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of orally infected Cx. quinquefasciatus from the Amazon region of Brazil to become infected and transmit the WNV strain isolated in 2018. Oral infection was performed with blood meal artificially infected with WNV, followed by analysis of infection, dissemination, and transmission rates, as well as viral titers of body, head, and saliva samples. At the 21st dpi, the infection rate was 100%, the dissemination rate was 80%, and the transmission rate was 77%. These results indicate that Cx. quinquefasciatus is susceptible to oral infection by the Brazilian strain of WNV and may act as a possible vector of the virus since it was detected in saliva from the 21st dpi.

The risk of the emergence and reemergence of zoonoses is high in regions that are under anthropogenic actions, as they contribute to the risk of vector disease transmission. Yellow fever (YF) is among the main pathogenic arboviral disease in the world, and the Culicidae Aedes albopictus has been proposed to have the potential to transmit yellow fever virus (YFV). This mosquito inhabits both urban and wild environments, and under experimental conditions, it has been shown to be susceptible to infection by YFV. In this study, the vector competence of the mosquito Ae. albopictus for the YFV was investigated. Female Ae. albopictus were exposed to non-human primates (NHP) of the genus Callithrix infected with YFV for blood meal. Subsequently, on the 14th and 21st days post infection, the legs, heads, thorax/abdomen and saliva of the arthropods were collected and analyzed by viral isolation and molecular analysis techniques to verify the infection, dissemination and transmission. The presence of YFV was detected in saliva samples through viral isolation and in the head, thorax/abdomen and legs both by viral isolation and by molecular detection. The susceptibility of Ae. Albopictus to YFV confers a potential risk of reemergence of urban YF in Brazil.

An allergy to bites from Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) occurs because of a hypersensitivity reaction caused by the inoculation of insect salivary antigens during the bite, resulting in immune-mediated dermatitis. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have focused on allergic dermatitis in donkeys in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinicopathological, and therapeutic aspects of allergic dermatitis in donkeys and to identify the insects involved in its epidemiology. This study reported the occurrence of dermatitis in 17 animals. The clinical signs were restlessness and severe itching. Skin lesions were found on the head, depigmented areas of the muzzle and cheeks, flanks, pelvic and thoracic limbs, and the scrotal sac. The lesions were characterized by areas of alopecia with crusts accompanied by serosanguineous exudates. Histologically, the lesions were characterized as moderate superficial dermatitis with irregular epidermal acanthosis and pronounced diffuse orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. In total, 378 Culicoides specimens were collected, with Culicoides ocumarensis Ortiz being the most abundant species. The combined application of copaiba oil and a multivitamin emulsion exhibited potential for topical treatment of allergic dermatitis caused by insect bites in donkeys. Our study revealed an association between allergic dermatitis in donkeys and Culicoides.

Accidents caused by venomous animals are considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as neglected tropical diseases. The present study aimed to analyze the occurrence of accidents caused by venomous animals in the municipality of Brazil Novo in the state of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon, from 2019 to 2022. This is a descriptive and retrospective epidemiological analysis of the cases of accidents caused by venomous animals recorded from January 2019 to July 2022, in the municipality of Brazil Novo. Data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) reported 686 cases of accidents caused by venomous animals. Most of the accidents occurred in rural areas (71.57%), in male patients (69.39%), adults aged 20 to 59 years (64.72%), mainly with scorpions (71%) and snakes (12.53%). Serum therapy was used in 20.55% of the accidents and was not necessary in 79.45% and the year 2019 stood out with more occurrences (31.78%). Even with a decline in the numbers reported and no deaths, the municipality of Brazil Novo continues to register a significant number of accidents caused by venomous animals, which in turn has been causing concern for public health, making it essential to maintain studies and actions that encourage the local population to become aware of prevention and control measures, in order to prevent new accidents. Serum therapy is a form of control, a resource that protects the population, but generates costs for local public health.

A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) classifica os incidentes envolvendo animais venenosos como doenças tropicais negligenciadas. Este estudo oferece uma análise epidemiológica e clínica, descritiva e retrospectiva, dos acidentes ofídicos registrados no município de castanhal, entre janeiro de 2019 e dezembro de 2023. O objetivo é avaliar a incidência e as características clínicas dos casos notificados. Os dados foram obtidos do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (datasus). Durante esse período, houve 608 notificações de mordeduras por serpentes, resultando em três óbitos (0,49%). A maior parte dos casos ocorreu em Castanhal (39,80%), com números significativos também em Terra Alta (8,39%) e São Francisco (8,06%). Os homens foram os mais frequentemente afetados (75,82%) e a faixa etária predominante foi entre 20 e 39 anos (35,36%). O ano de 2021 apresentou a maior incidência de acidentes (24,84%), com destaque para os meses de janeiro, fevereiro e março, coincidindo com o período mais chuvoso no Estado do Pará. A soroterapia foi utilizada em 94,24% dos casos. O alto índice de acidentes com serpentes na região representa uma preocupação para a saúde pública, tornando crucial a condução de pesquisas e a implementação de iniciativas de educação e controle a fim de evitar novos casos.