Anubias Schott (Araceae) have high ornamental properties as aquarium plants. However, the genus has difficulties in species identification, and the mechanism of its adaptation to the aquatic environment is unknown. To better identify species and understand the evolutionary history of Anubias, the plastomes of Anubias barteri Schott, A. barteri var. nana (Engl.) Crusio, and A. hastifolia Engl., were sequenced. The sizes of the plastomes of Anubias ranged from 169,841 bp to 170,037 bp. These plastomes were composed of conserved quadripartite circular structures and comprised 112 unique genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 transfer RNA genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA genes. The comparative analysis of genome structure, repeat sequences, codon usage and RNA editing sites revealed high similarities among the Anubias plastomes, indicating the conservation of plastomes of Anubias. Three spacer regions with relatively high nucleotide diversity, trnL-CAA-ndhB, ycf1-ndhF, and rps15-ycf1, were found within the plastomes of Anubias. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 75 protein-coding genes, showed that Anubias was sister to Montrichardia arborescens (L.) Schott (BS = 99). In addition, four genes (ccsA, matK, ndhF, and ycf4) that contain sites undergoing positive selection were identified within the Anubias plastomes. These genes may play an important role in the adaptation of Anubias to the aquatic environment. The present study provides a valuable resource for further studies on species identification and the evolutionary history of Anubias.

A key diagnostic feature of the genus Mycetia is its berry-like fruits, which distinguish it from its capsular-fruited relatives in the tribe Argostemmateae. However, the fruit character of Mycetia hainanensis H.S.Lo has long remained uncertain, as the species was previously known only from flowering specimens. Our rediscovery of this species at the type locality has now resolved this uncertainty. We found that M. hainanensis produces fleshy capsules that open via an apical operculum and flowers with a corolla tube shorter than 4 mm long. This finding first prompted a morphological re-evaluation, which indicated that the species aligns more closely with the genus Mouretia . Subsequent molecular phylogenetic analyses of plastid and nuclear DNA data robustly supported this hypothesis, placing the species within Mouretia . Given the congruent evidence from both morphology and molecular phylogeny, we propose the transfer of M. hainanensis to Mouretia , along with a complete morphological description. As part of this revision, we also provide keys to all genera in the Argostemmateae and to all species in Mouretia , along with a distribution map of the genus.

Integrated morphological analyses of flowering and fruiting materials suggest that several Guangdong populations of Ormosia—previously referred to as O. indurata, O. xylocarpa, or O. eugeniifolia based on vegetative specimens—correspond to two new species: O. yangjiangensis and O. taishanensis. Morphologically, O. yangjiangensis most closely resembles O. xylocarpa and O. pubescens. It differs from O. xylocarpa in leaflets thinly coriaceous, raceme axillary or pseudoterminal, legumes lacking a rib along the adaxial suture. Compared to O. pubescens, it is distinguished by its larger flowers (1.8–2.5 × 2.0–2.5 cm) and laterally compressed legumes. O. taishanensis is most similar to O. eugeniifolia but can be distinguished by its raceme axillary or pseudoterminal, legumes possess a prominent rib along the adaxial suture, valves of legume 6–11 mm thick. Both species are known from only a few localities and have very limited population sizes. Based on IUCN Red List criteria, the conservation status of the two new species is assessed as Endangered and Critically Endangered; both are recommended for inclusion as National Second-Class Protected Wild Plants under China’s List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (2021 edition). For the convenience of comparison, a key to all Ormosia species occurring in Guangdong Province is provided.

In our recent work (Xu et al. 2026), we failed to directly cite the basionym when publishing the new combination Mouretia hainanensis . This omission renders the combination nomenclaturally invalid, as it is contrary to Art. 41.5 of the International Code of Nomenclature (Turland et al. 2025). We provide a formal correction below. Mouretia hainanensis (H.S.Lo) Z.Q.Song & D.X.Xu, comb. nov. Basionym. Mycetia hainanensis H.S.Lo, Guihaia 11 (2): 112. 1991. Type. China • Hainan Province, Ledong County, Jianfeng [Jianfengling], Tianchi, in valley, 25 April 1982, Q. Huang 820455 (holotype: IBSC0590313!).

Peliosanthes hainanensis is described and illustrated as a new species from Hainan Province, China. The new species has linear-lanceolate blades, ascending flowers, a globose staminal corona, a cylindrical subepigynous (nearly superior) ovary, and a style exserted beyond the corona.

Based on extensive field investigations in karst habitats of southern China (Guangxi) and adjacent Indochina, cultivation and detailed morphological examination of living plants, and critical study of herbarium specimens (including types), a taxonomic revision of the genus in this region is presented. This study demonstrates that two species previously subsumed into the broadly defined O. intermedius complex (O. compressus and O. longipedicellatus) possess stable diagnostic morphological characters and distinct ecological niches, warranting their reinstatement as independent species. Furthermore, three new species from the limestone areas of Guangxi are discovered and described: O. dahuaensis, O. crassifilamentus, and O. napoensis.