Xiangyang City is the core area of soil erosion in the Han River Basin, with serious problems of soil erosion and a weak soil conservation capacity. The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of soil conservation in Xiangyang City, Han River Basin, from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed using the InVEST-SDR model and the PLUS contribution methodology. The results show the following: (1) The amount of soil conservation per unit area in Xiangyang in 2000, 2010, and 2020 was 1.84 × 10⁵ t/km², 1.59 × 10⁵ t/km², and 1.96 × 10⁵ t/km². This was concentrated in some areas, such as Baokang County, Nanzhang County, and Gucheng County. The soil conservation in Zaoyang, Xiangzhou, Yicheng, and Laohekou was relatively low, while the soil conservation capacity in the Xiangcheng and Fancheng areas was weakest. (2) The areas with the highest value of soil conservation were mainly concentrated in the forest areas in the southwest and northwest of Xiangyang, where the vegetation coverage is high and the altitude is low. The areas with low soil conservation were mainly concentrated in the eastern central part of Xiangyang, which is mainly farmland, with less vegetation and relatively flat terrain. (3) The amount of soil conservation is mainly influenced by two factors—vegetation coverage and terrain—indicating that vegetation management strategies should be tailored to local conditions. This article differs from previous watershed research areas by exploring the influencing factors of soil conservation in Xiangyang City and deeply analyzing the changes in importance and the spatiotemporal differentiation of ecosystem service functions. This conclusion can provide data support for environmental management and decision-making in the Xiangyang region, helping to achieve the sustainable development of the regional ecological environment and economic society.

There are many methods of forest resource survey, and so are the methods of stock estimation.The forest stock estimation method based on field survey data of sample plots is widely used in the industry because of its characteristics such as accurate data and simple operation. Based on the data obtained from 154 forest plots in the study area, the forest stock, biomass and carbon storage of typical county-level administrative units in the Hanjiang River Basin were estimated. The forest ecological function of the study area was evaluated.(1) The forest stock volume in the study area was 356.45×10⁴ m³, the stock volume per hectare was 71.43 m³, the number of plants per hectare was 853, and the average DBH was 13.3 cm.(2) The biomass of forest resources was 1193636.77 t, and the biomass density was 23.92 t/hm²; The vegetation carbon storage of forest ecosystem was 309966 t and the carbon density was 6.2 t/hm².(3) The forest resources in the study area were graded by grading the sample plots, and the ecological function level of the forest resources in the study area was grade 2.