Saturated aqueous salt solutions have diverse applications in food production, mineral processing, pharmaceuticals, and environmental monitoring. However, the random and disordered arrangement of ions in these solutions poses limitations across different fields. In this study, we employ magnetic fields to regulate the disordered arrangement by a comprehensive methodology combining contact angle measurement, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and molecular dynamics simulations on saturated KCl solutions. Our findings reveal that weak magnetic fields impede the formation of K-Cl contact pairs and disrupt hydrogen bond networks, particularly DDAA and free OH types. However, they facilitate the interaction between water molecules and ions, leading to an increase in the number of K-O and Cl-H contact pairs, along with an expansion in ion hydration radius. These changes affect macroscopic properties, including the interaction with solid substrates and potential solubility increases. Our experimental and simulation results mutually validate each other, contributing to a theoretical framework for studying magnetic field–material interactions.

The Mutual Optical Intensity (MOI) model is further developed to simulate the propagation of partially coherent X-ray vortex beams through free space. The intensity, phase, and amplitude distributions of the degree of coherence in the far field zone are numerically calculated using the MOI model. The effects of the coherence property and topological charge on the vortex beam are analyzed. For Gaussian Schell-model vortex beams, a vortex structure appears around the coherence singularity at the amplitude distribution of the degree of coherence relative to the central point. The number and rotation direction of the vortex structure are consistent with the magnitude and sign of the topological charge of the partially coherent vortex beam. As the spatial coherence decreases, the size of the vortex structure for the phase and amplitude distributions of the degree of coherence gradually increase until they disappear. The intensity of the dark hollow region increases with increasing topological charge. In addition, for the Laguerre–Gaussian Schell-model vortex beam, there is no singularity or vortex structure at the amplitude distribution of the degree of coherence relative to the central point. Therefore, the vortex structure around the coherence singularity at the amplitude distributions of the degree of coherence relative to the central point can be used to measure the vortex beam types and topological charge.

Neuromorphic machine vision systems have garnered substantial interest due to their potential for achieving autonomous control through real-time visual perception and processing. Two-dimensional materials offer a highly promising option for neuromorphic photodetectors due to their tunable electrical and optical properties, as well as their compatibility with heterogeneous integration. However, the fabrication of such devices often involves inefficient or expensive processes, limiting their widespread commercial adoption. To address these challenges, we develop a scalable 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)-doped graphene oxide (p-GO) sensor by utilizing easily prepared graphene oxide as a substrate and employing a surface charge transfer doping strategy to modulate its charge state. This device exhibits a high and linearly tunable responsivity. By varying the applied bias voltage, the responsivity can be adjusted from 1.4 mA/W to 25 mA/W. With precise control over the photoelectric response at 76 levels, we establish a 3×3 array of p-GO sensors as programmable kernels for optical image edge processing and convolutional neural networks, achieving the impressive accuracy of up to 97.7% in letter recognition tasks. We anticipate that this work will significantly enhance the widespread adoption and commercial utilization of neuromorphic detectors.