Latin America is starting its energy transition. In Colombia, with its abundant natural resources and fossil fuel reserves, hydrogen (H₂) could play a key role. This contribution analyzes the potential of blue H₂ production in Colombia as a possible driver of the H₂ economy. The study assesses the natural resources available to produce blue H₂ in the context of the recently launched National Hydrogen Roadmap. Results indicate that there is great potential for low-emission blue H₂ production in Colombia using coal as feedstock. Such potential, besides allowing a more sustainable use of non-renewable resources, would pave the way for green H₂ deployment in Colombia. Blue H₂ production from coal could range from 700 to 8000 ktH₂/year by 2050 under conservative and ambitious scenarios, respectively, which could supply up to 1.5% of the global H₂ demand by 2050. However, while feedstock availability is promising for blue H₂ production, carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture capacities and investment costs could limit this potential in Colombia. Indeed, results of this work indicate that capture capacities of 15 to 180 MtCO₂/year (conservative and ambitious scenarios) need to be developed by 2050, and that the required investment for H₂ deployment would be above that initially envisioned by the government. Further studies on carbon capture, utilization and storage capacity, implementation of a clear public policy, and a more detailed hydrogen strategy for the inclusion of blue H₂ in the energy mix are required for establishing a low-emission H₂ economy in the country.