The “One Health” initiative is a critical strategy that recognizes the interconnectedness between human, animal, and environmental health in the spread and containment of infectious pathogens. With the ease of global transportation, transboundary disease outbreaks pose a significant threat to food safety and security, endangering public health and having a negative economic impact. Traditional diagnostic techniques based on genotypic and phenotypic analyses are expensive, time-consuming, and cannot be translated into point-of-care tools, hindering effective disease management and control. However, with advancements in molecular methods, biosensors, and new generation sequencing, rapid and reliable diagnostics are now available. This review provides a comprehensive insight into emergent viral and bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the importance of “One Health” in connecting detection and effective treatment. By emphasizing the symbiotic relationship between human and animal health, this paper underscores the critical role of “One Health” initiatives in preventing and controlling infectious diseases.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI)-induced secondary oxidative stress associates with a clinical complication and high mortality. Treatments to improve the neurological outcome of secondary injury are considered as important issues. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the anti-oxidative effect of Tithonia diversifolia ethanolic extracts (TDE) on cells and apply the pharmacological effect to SCI model using a MRI imaging algorism. Methods: The anti-oxidation properties were tested in a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Rat liver cells (clone-9) were treated with various doses of TDE (0 ~ 50 μg/ml) before exposed to 250 μM H₂O₂ and cell survival was determined by MTT and LDH assays. We performed water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in MR techniques to investigate the efficacy of TDE treatment on SCI animal model. We performed T5 laminectomy and compression (50 g, 1 min) to induce SCI. PHILIP 3.0 T MRI was used to image 24 male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing 280–320 g. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, SCI group, SCI treated with TDE group. The MRI images were taken and ADC were acquired before and after of treatment of TDE (50 mg/kg B. W. orally, 5 days) in SCI model. Results: TDE protected clone-9 cells against H₂O₂-induced toxicity through DPPH scavenging mechanism. In addition, SCI induced the increase in ADC after 6 hours. TDE treatment slightly decreased the ADC level after 1-week SCI compared with control animals. Conclusion: Our studies have proved that the cytoprotection effect of TDE, at least in part, is through scavenging ROS to eliminate intracellular oxidative stress and highlight a potential therapeutic consideration of TDE in alternative and complementary medicine.

Sesquiterpenoid tagitinin C, present in Tithonia diversifolia leaves, has been known to have anti-hepatoma properties. Therefore, we investigated the anti-metastatic potential of tagitinin C in xenograft models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We isolated tagitinin C from a methanolic extract of the leaves of T. diversifolia. HepG-2 and Huh 7 hepatoma cells were treated with tagitinin C, and cell viability, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase (MPP) activity were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, scratch migration assay, and MMP activity assay, respectively. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the tumorigenicity of xenografts inoculated with Hep-G2 and Huh 7 cells. Tagitinin C was cytotoxic against Hep-G2 and Huh 7 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 2.0 ± 0.1 µg/mL and 1.2 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively, and it showed an anti-metastatic effect in vitro. Additionally, MRS assays revealed that tagitinin C (15 g/mouse/day) reduced the tumorigenicity of Hep-G2 and Huh 7 cell xenografts. Tagitinin C demonstrated significant antitumor and anti-metastatic activity in the two human hepatoma cell lines. Tagitinin C might be used as an alternative or auxiliary therapy for the treatment of HCC, and its effect should be further investigated in clinical settings.

This study compared the metabolites in the brain regions of hippocampus and corpus callosum between patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls using no-radiation and high-sensitivity magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with three-dimensional chemical shift images (3D-CSI). Twenty volunteers (seven patients with MCI and 13 healthy controls) aged 50–71 years were recruited for this prospective study. MRS with 3D-CSI images of a variety of metabolites was collected from the hippocampus and corpus callosum. Sex and weight showed no significant differences between the two groups. The metabolite levels in the hippocampus and corpus callosum of the MCI group were generally lower than in those of the healthy group, especially for creatine (p < 0.001 in the hippocampus and p = 0.020 in the corpus callosum) and N-acetyl aspartate/creatine (p < 0.001 in the hippocampus and p = 0.020 in the corpus callosum); however, choline/creatine showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) only in the hippocampus, and myo-inositol/creatine showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) only in the corpus callosum. Our study demonstrated that MRS with 3D-CSI can be used to measure these metabolite levels to determine the differences between patients with MCI and healthy individuals. This would aid early diagnosis of MCI in clinical practice, and patients could receive prompt intervention to improve their quality of life.