Background: Although rare, season- or career-ending injuries in young athletes are concerning because they can result in time lost from sport participation and school, social costs, and economic costs of medical care. Purpose: To describe rates and patterns of medically disqualifying (MDQ) injuries among United States high school athletes overall and by sport, sex, type of athletic activity, and mechanism. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Sports-related injury data on high school athletes were collected during the 2005-2006 through 2013-2014 academic years from a large national sample of United States high schools via High School Reporting Information Online (RIO). MDQ injuries were defined as season- or career-ending injuries. Results: From 2005-2006 through 2013-2014, High School RIO captured 59,862 total injuries including 3599 MDQ injuries (6.0% of all injuries). Most MDQ injuries (60.4%) occurred in competition. Football had the highest injury rate (26.5 per 100,000 athlete-exposures), followed by gymnastics (18.6) and wrestling (17.9). MDQ injury rates were higher among girls in the sex-comparable sports of basketball (rate ratio [RR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3-2.0), cross-country (RR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.0-7.5), soccer (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3-1.9), and track and field (RR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.7-4.0). Player-player contact (48.2%) was the most common MDQ injury mechanism. The most commonly injured body site was the knee (33.7%). The most common MDQ injury diagnosis was sprains/strains (35.9%); the most common specific MDQ injury was knee sprains/strains (25.4%), with the anterior cruciate ligament being the most commonly injured knee structure. Among boys, fracture was the most common diagnosis in 3 sports, and sprain/strain was the most common in 6 sports. Among girls, sprain/strain was the most common diagnosis in 9 sports, and fracture was the most common only in softball. Conclusion: MDQ injuries vary by sport, sex, and type of athletic activity and occur most frequently as a result of player-player contact. These findings should prompt additional research into the development, implementation, and evaluation of targeted injury prevention efforts.

Background: Mobile produce markets were increasingly recognized as an effective and accepted approach to improving access to fruits and vegetables in lower-income and at-risk communities during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. This study provides insights into how mobile market operations were impacted by, and evolved in response to, challenges posed by the pandemic. Methods: A survey evaluating impacts of the pandemic on mobile markets was distributed to a database of mobile market operators in the United States. Respondents were asked to describe impacts to their mobile market’s operations, and what adaptations were needed to continue to effectively serve their communities during 2020. Results: Surveys representing 48 unique mobile markets were collected from March to July 2021. Of the respondents, 63% reported an increase in demand for mobile market services from community members. Furthermore, 65% increased the amount of produce they distributed in 2020 as compared to 2019, often through adopting low or no-cost models or participating in pandemic government programs. Discussion: Emergency adaptations employed by mobile markets can inform long-term operational modifications for not only mobile markets, but also other food access programs, beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Objective: Veggie Van (VV) is an evidenced-based intervention for improving diet through a mobile market (MM) and is disseminated through an online toolkit. Understanding the user experience of the VV toolkit is crucial to inform its refinement and ensure future implementation success and positive public health impact. Design: We conducted semi-structured interviews to understand the VV toolkit user experience including their familiarity and utilization of the toolkit, experience navigating, feedback on specific content, comprehension of the evidence base, and feedback on training and technical assistance options. Interviews were deductively analyzed using Atlas.ti 22.0 qualitative software. Setting: Interviews were conducted via web conference over the spring and summer of 2022. Participants: Interviews were conducted with 16 key informants (KIs) from established MM organizations and frequent toolkit users. Results: The majority of KIs were previously familiar with the VV toolkit and had used it in their work or referred others to the toolkit. The toolkit was perceived to be thorough and well-done, but more appropriate for an organization earlier in the process of starting an MM, despite the toolkit being intended for organizations of all experience levels. KIs cited that the toolkit facilitated planning for markets and bolstered their legitimacy in conversations with stakeholders. Most could not accurately define the core components of the VV model and how it differed from other models; it was also unclear to what degree practitioners are implementing its practices. Conclusions: This evaluation provided valuable feedback on the perceptions and utility of our online toolkit as well as comprehension of the evidence base. Clarifying the VV model components and enhancing the appeal of the toolkit to more established practitioners will ensure proper knowledge translation and increase the reach of the intervention.