Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) refers to a group of rare autoimmune retinal degenerative diseases presumably caused by cross-reactivity of serum autoantibodies against retinal antigens. The pathogenesis of AIR remains largely presumptive and there are a significant number of antiretinal antibodies that have been detected in association with AIR. The diagnosis of AIR is largely based on the demonstration of antiretinal antibodies in the serum along with suggestive clinical features and ancillary investigations. A high index of suspicion along with early diagnosis and treatment may play a critical role to lower the risk of irreversible immunological damage to the retinal cells in these patients. A multi-disciplinary approach for complete management and evaluation is helpful in such conditions. Various therapeutic options have been described for the treatment of AIR, though there is no consensus on standard treatment protocol.

Infectious uveitis accounts for majority of the cases of uveitis in developing countries. It also encompasses an array of various microorganisms and their clinical presentations. Some of these infectious uveitic entities are familiar, while others are newly emerging in the global ophthalmic world. Many of these entities are also a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and appropriate, timely management is required to save not the eye, but life of the patient. This review highlights the ocular manifestations of various infectious uveitic entities, relevant to the ophthalmologist.

Purpose: To describe the clinical pattern of scleritis in patients ≤16 years of age at a tertiary care eye hospital in India. Methods: The medical records of 24 eyes of 20 children with scleritis were included in this retrospective study. Collected data included age, subsets of uveitis, best corrected visual acuities (BCVA), detailed laboratory investigations and treatment. Results: Mean age at presentation was 12.2 ± 2.5 years. Scleritis was unilateral in 80% patients and an equal gender distribution was observed. Posterior scleritis (41.7%) was the most common subtypes of scleritis and nodular scleritis was the most common type of anterior scleritis (33.3%). Necrotizing scleritis was seen in 16.7% eyes. Tuberculosis was the only systemic association and found in three (15%) patients. Conclusions: Clinical profile of scleritis in children can be different from that of adults.

To report the use of tofacitinib in ten patients with scleritis where the traditional immunomodulation was not successful or could not be used.A retrospective chart review.Tofacitinib was successfu...

Purpose: To describe the clinical pattern of uveitis in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) at a tertiary care eye hospital over a period of 30 years. Methods: The medical records of 32 eyes of 22 patients of RP with uveitis were included in this study. Collected data included age, subsets of uveitis, best corrected visual acuities (BCVA), detailed laboratory investigations, and treatment. Results: Mean age at presentation was 53.4 ± 18.8 years, and mean age of diagnosis of RP was 39.2 ± 21.4 years. Uveitis was bilateral in 10 (45.5%) patients. The most common of uveitis in current study was anterior uveitis (56.2%), followed by intermediate uveitis (43.8%). Cataract developed in 12 (37.5%) eyes, and three eyes had raised intraocular pressure. Ten patients (45.5%) required oral steroid, and one patient required oral methotrexate. Conclusions: Uveitis in RP patients is rare, but not uncommon. Coexistence of these disorders might support the inflammatory pathway in etiology of RP.