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Bhaskar R. Nikam
Water Resources Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, ISRO, Dehradun, India

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Journal article
Published: 05 July 2021 in Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
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ACS Style

Vaibhav Garg; Aditya Rajendra Kudekar; Praveen Kumar Thakur; Bhaskar R. Nikam; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal; Prakash Chauhan. Glacier Change Studies under Changing Climate Using Geospatial Tools and Techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Vaibhav Garg, Aditya Rajendra Kudekar, Praveen Kumar Thakur, Bhaskar R. Nikam, Shiv Prasad Aggarwal, Prakash Chauhan. Glacier Change Studies under Changing Climate Using Geospatial Tools and Techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vaibhav Garg; Aditya Rajendra Kudekar; Praveen Kumar Thakur; Bhaskar R. Nikam; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal; Prakash Chauhan. 2021. "Glacier Change Studies under Changing Climate Using Geospatial Tools and Techniques." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 10 May 2021 in Geocarto International
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The present study focusses on the estimation of ET using Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model over the Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.f) forest in the subtropical Doon Valley, India for the dry periods of 2016–18. Parameterization of METRIC model was done for surface temperature (Ts), momentum roughness length (zom), and surface albedo (α) estimations to make it suitable for Forest ET assessment. Results showed good agreement between the daily ET derived from the METRIC model and observed ET by eddy covariance method at Barkot Flux Tower (BFT) site. Results of parameterized METRIC model showed improvement over non-parameterized model with higher coefficient of determination (0.81), Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (0.71) and lower Root Mean Square Error (0.48 mm). Average ET for the Sal forest ranged from 1.18-4.78 mm/day. Monthly and seasonal ET was derived using cubic spline interpolation-based time integration of reference ET fraction (ETrF).

ACS Style

Saurabh Purohit; N. R. Patel; Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal; Triparna Sett; Prakash Chauhan. Estimation of evapotranspiration fluxes from Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.f) forest using METRIC model: case study of Doon Valley, India. Geocarto International 2021, 1 -23.

AMA Style

Saurabh Purohit, N. R. Patel, Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam, Shiv Prasad Aggarwal, Triparna Sett, Prakash Chauhan. Estimation of evapotranspiration fluxes from Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.f) forest using METRIC model: case study of Doon Valley, India. Geocarto International. 2021; ():1-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saurabh Purohit; N. R. Patel; Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal; Triparna Sett; Prakash Chauhan. 2021. "Estimation of evapotranspiration fluxes from Sal (Shorea robusta Gaertn.f) forest using METRIC model: case study of Doon Valley, India." Geocarto International , no. : 1-23.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2020 in Groundwater for Sustainable Development
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Rapid urbanisation in Dhaka (Bangladesh) with high dependency on the groundwater have recently raised concern over the sustainability of the aquifers. The present study focusses on quantifying the dynamic groundwater resource vis-à-vis the status of groundwater development and understanding the different recharge processes in the Dhaka City, using the water balance based lumped and distributed approaches. In the lumped approach, the groundwater assessment is carried out using groundwater balance method following the methodology and norms recommended by the Groundwater Estimation Committee-2015 (referred hereafter as GEC). In the distributed approach, a physics-based hydrological model (Variable Infiltration Capacity, VIC) is utilised to model the baseflow (i.e., potential recharge). Then, an attempt is made to establish the relation between VIC-based baseflow and actual (GEC-based) groundwater recharge from rainfall. Remote sensing data derived spatio-temporal information along with field-based observations have been used in the process. Dhaka City is divided into 10 zones and the groundwater assessment is made individually in these zones as well as for the entire city during 2001–2015 period. The total annual recharge is estimated as 635.35 million m3 (or ~2065 mm/year per unit area). Lateral and unaccounted recharge is found to be the dominant (51.8%) process in the study area, followed by recharge from urban return flow (35.5%), rainfall (7.1%), and surface water bodies/wetlands (5.6%). The study underscores that the lateral and unaccounted recharge must not be ignored in the urban landscape underlain by alluvial aquifers and with non-hydrologic unit boundaries. The stage of groundwater development is found to vary from 117 to 320%, thus indicating overexploitation of aquifers in all the zones. The higher groundwater abstraction as compared to recharge in all the zones has led to consistent decline in groundwater level by 2–3.2 m/year across the study area. The VIC model, on the other hand, depicted that nearly 17.2% of the annual rainfall contributes towards baseflow. Further, it is observed that ~31% of baseflow contributes to groundwater recharge due to rainfall. Researchers can use this relationship for quick assessment of the groundwater recharge from rainfall in Dhaka, based on hydrological models with varying meteorological and land cover scenarios, especially in the light of climate change and rapid urbanisation.

ACS Style

Zakir Hossain; Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Sushil Kumar Srivastav; Prasun Kumar Gupta. Estimating groundwater resource and understanding recharge processes in the rapidly urbanizing Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Groundwater for Sustainable Development 2020, 12, 100514 .

AMA Style

Zakir Hossain, Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam, Sushil Kumar Srivastav, Prasun Kumar Gupta. Estimating groundwater resource and understanding recharge processes in the rapidly urbanizing Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Groundwater for Sustainable Development. 2020; 12 ():100514.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zakir Hossain; Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Sushil Kumar Srivastav; Prasun Kumar Gupta. 2020. "Estimating groundwater resource and understanding recharge processes in the rapidly urbanizing Dhaka City, Bangladesh." Groundwater for Sustainable Development 12, no. : 100514.

Research article
Published: 02 July 2020 in Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
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The performance evaluation of surface irrigation projects has been hitherto done at regional or project level due to the non-availability of a detailed spatial database of irrigation projects. Recent advancements in the capabilities of remote sensing techniques and Geographical Information System (GIS) have opened avenues of field level mapping and database creation for irrigation projects. In view of this, the application of remote sensing and GIS in command area mapping and detailed performance evaluation at the sub-project level (division level) was attempted, in the present study. The command area of Upper Wardha irrigation project in Amravati district of Maharashtra, India was mapped for irrigation infrastructures (canals, hydraulic structures, etc.), crop acreage, and other infrastructures (viz. road, railway, settlement, etc.) using high resolution Cartosat-1, IRS P6 LISS-IV data, and temporal IRS P6 LISS-III data. The performance of the irrigation project was evaluated using eight comparative indicators classified under three groups, namely agricultural performance, water-use performance, and physical performance. Remote sensing data along with field observed data were used to derive inputs for these performance indicators. The results indicate that the project has a positive impact on agriculture and economic growth of the region; however, water has been excessively used in some parts of the command area while supply has been inadequate in the tail region of the command. The water supply in the command area was reliable, however, not equally distributed among all the distributaries. The overall performance of the irrigation project was evaluated, and the divisions, which need immediate attention to improve the efficiency, were identified in this study.

ACS Style

Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Vaibhav Garg; Praveen Kumar Thakur; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal. Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Performance Evaluation of Irrigation Project at Disaggregated Level. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2020, 48, 979 -997.

AMA Style

Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam, Vaibhav Garg, Praveen Kumar Thakur, Shiv Prasad Aggarwal. Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Performance Evaluation of Irrigation Project at Disaggregated Level. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 2020; 48 (7):979-997.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Vaibhav Garg; Praveen Kumar Thakur; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal. 2020. "Application of Remote Sensing and GIS in Performance Evaluation of Irrigation Project at Disaggregated Level." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 48, no. 7: 979-997.

Original paper
Published: 13 January 2020 in Applied Geomatics
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Riverbank erosion is one of the key geomorphological problems encountered in the floodplains of the alluvial rivers. Many recent studies on fluvial dynamics have indicated advantages of geospatial technology over traditional techniques in terms of time, cost, and practical usability by the end-users. This study aims to assess the riverbank erosion and erosion probability in a highly dynamic and unstable stretch of the Subansiri River in Assam (India) using geospatial approach along with the Graf’s model. Temporal Landsat datasets for a period of 29 years (1989 to 2017) in time step of 4–5 years are used for mapping the river channels (active floodplains) of the Subansiri River. These river channel datasets were then analyzed to spatially quantify the erosion/aggradation and identify the high riverbank erosion zones. Identification and analysis of the high riverbank erosion zones revealed a general westward shift of the Subansiri River during the studied period. The Graf’s model, used for estimating the riverbank erosion probability, is implemented in geographical information system (GIS). The transition probability matrices for riverbank erosion were generated for different time spans (1989–1994, 1994–1998, 1998–2002, 2002–2006, 2006–2010, and 2010–2014) using the distance to river channel and erosion/aggradation maps prepared using remote sensing data. Flood recurrence intervals of the annual floods from 1988 to 2017 were estimated using observed discharge data. The transition matrices and flood recurrence intervals were then used to calibrate the Graf’s model for estimating the probability of riverbank erosion of the Subansiri River. The results were validated with observed erosion/aggradation map of 2014–2017 time period. The study demonstrates the strength of geospatial approach for rapid assessment of riverbank erosion of alluvial channels. The calibrated Graf’s model developed in this study along with understanding of the migration behavior of the Subansiri River will be useful for taking mitigation measures and planning river management strategies.

ACS Style

Kusumbor Bordoloi; Bhaskar Ramachandra Nikam; S. K. Srivastav; Dhrubajyoti Sahariah. Assessment of riverbank erosion and erosion probability using geospatial approach: a case study of the Subansiri River, Assam, India. Applied Geomatics 2020, 12, 265 -280.

AMA Style

Kusumbor Bordoloi, Bhaskar Ramachandra Nikam, S. K. Srivastav, Dhrubajyoti Sahariah. Assessment of riverbank erosion and erosion probability using geospatial approach: a case study of the Subansiri River, Assam, India. Applied Geomatics. 2020; 12 (3):265-280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kusumbor Bordoloi; Bhaskar Ramachandra Nikam; S. K. Srivastav; Dhrubajyoti Sahariah. 2020. "Assessment of riverbank erosion and erosion probability using geospatial approach: a case study of the Subansiri River, Assam, India." Applied Geomatics 12, no. 3: 265-280.

Articles
Published: 11 October 2019 in ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
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In the present study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Genetic Programming (GP) soft-computing models were established to estimate streamflow in Tel River Basin, Odisha, India. In most of the previous time-series soft computing models/studies, the time delay or basin lag has been considered without any physical basis for streamflow estimation/forecasting. Considering these limitations, the 02 isochrones (zones) were delineated up to Kesinga Station based on its topography for incorporating the time delay phenomenon. The monsoon rainfall of the period of 1998–2011 (14 years) in each zone was estimated and delayed as per their respective time-delay zone and fed into both the models for discharge estimation. It was observed that after incorporating the time delay factor, the accuracy of streamflow estimation increased for both the models. However, the ANNs could not map the peak discharge and the model efficiency was less as compared to the GP model. The best GP model achieved an efficiency of 74%, where ANNs could reach up to only 59%. After establishing the soft computing based discharge estimation model for the basin, the flood inundation between Kesinga and Kantamal stations was studied using the hydrodynamic model for the estimated peak discharge.

ACS Style

Vaibhav Garg; Rohit Sambare; Praveen K. Thakur; Pankaj R. Dhote; Bhaskar R. Nikam; S.P. Aggarwal. Improving stream flow estimation by incorporating time delay approach in soft computing models. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 2019, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Vaibhav Garg, Rohit Sambare, Praveen K. Thakur, Pankaj R. Dhote, Bhaskar R. Nikam, S.P. Aggarwal. Improving stream flow estimation by incorporating time delay approach in soft computing models. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 2019; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vaibhav Garg; Rohit Sambare; Praveen K. Thakur; Pankaj R. Dhote; Bhaskar R. Nikam; S.P. Aggarwal. 2019. "Improving stream flow estimation by incorporating time delay approach in soft computing models." ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , no. : 1-12.

Original article
Published: 23 July 2019 in Sustainable Water Resources Management
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An integrated approach using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) and groundwater modelling (GM) has been used for waterlogged areas identification in the Rohtak district of Haryana State, India. Surface waterlogged areas were delineated using optical remote sensing satellite data-based normalized difference water index (NDWI) technique. Sentinel 2 MSS (optical data) images pertaining to pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons were acquired and processed to extract water pixels. To overcome the limitation of false positives and cloud penetration associated with optical images, water pixels were also extracted using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of Sentinel 1A. Thresholding of NDWI for optical images and sigma naught for SAR images was done using the respective histograms to distinguish water and terrestrial features. Surface waterlogged areas were delineated from the generated combined water body raster based on the visual interpretation technique in a GIS environment. Sub-surface waterlogging conditions were simulated for the same year using process-based groundwater model MODFLOW. A conceptual model was created to simulate groundwater system based on flow processes, hydrogeological characteristics, aquifer hydraulic properties, source and sinks and boundary conditions. Sub-surface waterlogged areas were delineated based on depth to water table classification criteria. It was found that surface waterlogged area varies from 0.55 to 1.0% of the district area from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon season, while the percentage of sub-surface waterlogged areas was higher, varying from 9.1 to 21.6%, respectively. Statistics also shows that most of the surface waterlogged areas do not fall under the areas plagued by sub-surface waterlogging.

ACS Style

Suvrat Kaushik; Pankaj R. Dhote; Praveen K. Thakur; Bhaskar Nikam; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal. An integrated approach for identification of waterlogged areas using RS and GIS technique and groundwater modelling. Sustainable Water Resources Management 2019, 5, 1887 -1901.

AMA Style

Suvrat Kaushik, Pankaj R. Dhote, Praveen K. Thakur, Bhaskar Nikam, Shiv Prasad Aggarwal. An integrated approach for identification of waterlogged areas using RS and GIS technique and groundwater modelling. Sustainable Water Resources Management. 2019; 5 (4):1887-1901.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Suvrat Kaushik; Pankaj R. Dhote; Praveen K. Thakur; Bhaskar Nikam; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal. 2019. "An integrated approach for identification of waterlogged areas using RS and GIS technique and groundwater modelling." Sustainable Water Resources Management 5, no. 4: 1887-1901.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2019 in Journal of Hydro-environment Research
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The LULC change vis-à-vis climate change inherently encompassing human dimensions consequently impact hydrological processes. A slight change in it may affect the water yield, as both are explicitly linked through various hydrological processes. The future availability of water resources largely depends upon planning and management of land use in this changing environment. However, the continuous human interactions keep on modifying the land use land cover (LULC) to fulfil the enhanced demand especially due to significant increase in population and development towards better facilities. These changes consequently impact each and every hydrological process vis-à-vis water availability. It has now become a major concern for water resources planners and managers. Moreover, these changes in LULC pattern along with changing climate put forth a huge challenge in front of them. The present study investigates the capabilities of Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model, which has been developed as soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer schemes, to assess the runoff potential. Initially, the required model inputs were derived and simulated at the national scale. It was found that the model has assessed the runoff potential of major river basins with high accuracy. The successful implication of the model at the national scale offered an opportunity to carry out a detailed hydrological simulation to study the impact of LULC change on hydrological regime of a basin. For the analysis, the Pennar River Basin, located in Southern part of India, was selected. The LULC change detection analysis showed that there is human induced alteration to LULC pattern, as the area under urban landscape is increasing (0.14%) and natural forest is declining (0.7%). These changes resulted in increase of runoff potential by around 45%. The study on Indian River basin clearly indicates that the LULC change influence and alter the hydrological regime of the river basin.

ACS Style

Vaibhav Garg; Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Praveen Kumar Thakur; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal; Prasun Kumar Gupta; Sushil Kumar Srivastav. Human-induced land use land cover change and its impact on hydrology. Journal of Hydro-environment Research 2019, 1, 48 -56.

AMA Style

Vaibhav Garg, Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam, Praveen Kumar Thakur, Shiv Prasad Aggarwal, Prasun Kumar Gupta, Sushil Kumar Srivastav. Human-induced land use land cover change and its impact on hydrology. Journal of Hydro-environment Research. 2019; 1 ():48-56.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vaibhav Garg; Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Praveen Kumar Thakur; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal; Prasun Kumar Gupta; Sushil Kumar Srivastav. 2019. "Human-induced land use land cover change and its impact on hydrology." Journal of Hydro-environment Research 1, no. : 48-56.

Research article
Published: 11 February 2019 in Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing
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Accurate knowledge of the spatio-temporal variation in soil moisture provides insight into larger-scale hydrological processes and can, therefore, help in improving hydrological predictions. The strength of remote sensing for mapping surface soil moisture is well proven. In addition, data assimilation offers the opportunity to combine the advantages of modelling with those of remote sensing data to achieve higher accuracy and continuous improvement in hydrological forecasts. In this study, Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth observation science soil moisture product was assimilated into Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model using Kalman filter data assimilation technique. Further, the updated multilayer spatio-temporal soil moisture distributions across the Mahanadi Basin, India, were simulated using the hydrological model. The VIC model was set up and parameterized using field-observed and remote sensing-derived data. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the model, the ‘four-parameter’ (Tmax, Tmin, Prec, and WS) meteorological forcing scenario was selected as the operational scenario. The output fluxes obtained from VIC were routed to simulate discharge at five stations for the calibration and validation of the model. With R2 and model efficiency values close to 0.95 and 0.99, respectively, the model was proven to be suitable for simulating the hydrological responses of the basin. Soil moisture was assimilated in the top soil layer of the model using the Kalman filter approach, and the multilayer soil moisture regime was generated using the modelling approach. The validation of soil moisture (assimilated) products proves that these products are better than remote sensing and traditionally modelled soil moisture products, in both spatial and temporal domains in terms of availability and accuracy.

ACS Style

Soumya S. Behera; Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Mukund S. Babel; Vaibhav Garg; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal. The Assimilation of Remote Sensing-Derived Soil Moisture Data into a Hydrological Model for the Mahanadi Basin, India. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2019, 47, 1357 -1374.

AMA Style

Soumya S. Behera, Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam, Mukund S. Babel, Vaibhav Garg, Shiv Prasad Aggarwal. The Assimilation of Remote Sensing-Derived Soil Moisture Data into a Hydrological Model for the Mahanadi Basin, India. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing. 2019; 47 (8):1357-1374.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soumya S. Behera; Bhaskar Ramchandra Nikam; Mukund S. Babel; Vaibhav Garg; Shiv Prasad Aggarwal. 2019. "The Assimilation of Remote Sensing-Derived Soil Moisture Data into a Hydrological Model for the Mahanadi Basin, India." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 47, no. 8: 1357-1374.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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The seasonal snow cover and permanent ice in form of Himalayan glaciers provide fresh water to many perineal rivers of Himalayas. The melt water from seasonal snow and glaciers, especially during of 15 March to 15 June acts as important source of water for drinking, hydropower and irrigation requirements of many areas in North India. This work has highlights the use of C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data from RISAT-1, Sentinel-1A and 1B satellites and ALOS-PALSAR-2 PolInSAR data for snow cover and glacier dynamics study for parts of North West Himalaya. Glacier velocity was derived using InSAR based method using 6 day temporal interval images from Sentinel-1 satellites and 14 day interval for PALSAR-2 satellite. High coherence was obtained for main glacier in both the data sets, which resulted accurate line of site (LOS) glacier velocity estimates for test glaciers. These InSAR data glacier velocity results are obtained after a gap of 21 years. Glacier facies was estimated using multi-temporal SAR image composition based classification. All these maps were verified by extensive ground surveys done at these sites during 2014–2017. The time series data of C-band SAR in VV/VH polarisation was also used to map snow cover in test basins of Bhagirathi and Beas River. The VV/VH data clearly shows difference between dry and wet snow, thus helping in improved snow cover mapping using SAR data. This study will help in refining algorithms to be used for such studies using upcoming NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) mission.

ACS Style

P. K. Thakur; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; S. Singh; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote; S. P. Aggarwal; P. Chauhan; A. S. Kumar; Jasmine. SNOW COVER AND GLACIER DYNAMICS STUDY USING C-AND L-BAND SAR DATASETS IN PARTS OF NORTH WEST HIMALAYA. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 375 -382.

AMA Style

P. K. Thakur, V. Garg, Bhaskar Nikam, S. Singh, A. Chouksey, P. R. Dhote, S. P. Aggarwal, P. Chauhan, A. S. Kumar, Jasmine. SNOW COVER AND GLACIER DYNAMICS STUDY USING C-AND L-BAND SAR DATASETS IN PARTS OF NORTH WEST HIMALAYA. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():375-382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. K. Thakur; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; S. Singh; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote; S. P. Aggarwal; P. Chauhan; A. S. Kumar; Jasmine. 2018. "SNOW COVER AND GLACIER DYNAMICS STUDY USING C-AND L-BAND SAR DATASETS IN PARTS OF NORTH WEST HIMALAYA." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 375-382.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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The monitoring of inland water and continental ice sheets is very important from water management and global climate related studies. The current study utilizes the SGDR data from Saral-Altika during 2013–2017 to estimate and monitor water level in 24 major reservoirs of India. The R2 value for majority of reservoirs was more than 0.99 and RMSE error value also was less than 0.40 m. In addition, wide rivers of India such as Mahanadi River, was also monitored using Altika data covering part of Mahanadi River from Khairmal to Naraj gauging sites during 2013–2016 time period. One dimensional hydro-dynamic (1D-HD) model was setup for this part of river to generate river Discharge at virtual gauge. The part of Antarctic ice sheet South of Indian research station Maitri, East Antarctica, was studied for ice sheet elevation changes using ground based stake network as well as space based altimeter/LIDAR datasets during 2003–2017 time period. 2003–2009 time was used for getting elevation changes using Icesat-1 level 2 altimetry product, and Geophysical Data Record (GDR) data from Altika was used with slope correction from 2013–2016 time period. An extensive network of ground based stake networks were used for validating the derived elevation changes. The ice sheet and glacier line of site velocity was estimated using Sentinel-1 based InSAR data with 6 to 12 day time interval data sets for year 2016 and 2017. The derived glacier velocity was comparable with optical image (Landsat-8) based glacier velocity for same year and also with historical Radarsat-1 based glacier velocity results.

ACS Style

P. K. Thakur; A. Chouksey; P. Kalura; S. Ghosh; P. Dhote; A. Swain; M. Kalia; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; P. Kumar; S. P. Aggarwal; P. Chauhan; A. S. Kumar. INDIAN INLAND WATER AND PARTS OF ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET ELEVATION AND ICE SHEET VELOCITY MONITORING USING ALTIMETRY AND SAR BASED DATASETS. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 367 -373.

AMA Style

P. K. Thakur, A. Chouksey, P. Kalura, S. Ghosh, P. Dhote, A. Swain, M. Kalia, V. Garg, Bhaskar Nikam, P. Kumar, S. P. Aggarwal, P. Chauhan, A. S. Kumar. INDIAN INLAND WATER AND PARTS OF ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET ELEVATION AND ICE SHEET VELOCITY MONITORING USING ALTIMETRY AND SAR BASED DATASETS. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():367-373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. K. Thakur; A. Chouksey; P. Kalura; S. Ghosh; P. Dhote; A. Swain; M. Kalia; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; P. Kumar; S. P. Aggarwal; P. Chauhan; A. S. Kumar. 2018. "INDIAN INLAND WATER AND PARTS OF ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET ELEVATION AND ICE SHEET VELOCITY MONITORING USING ALTIMETRY AND SAR BASED DATASETS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 367-373.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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In India, water resources are managed at different levels, i.e. at central level by Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation, Central Water Commission and Central Ground Water Board, at states level by state water resources departments, and at local level by Municipal Corporation and Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). As per India’s national water policy of year 2012 focuses on adaption to climate change, enhancement of water availability, water demand management by efficient water use practices, management of floods and droughts, water supply and sanitation, trans-boundary rivers, conservation of water bodies and infrastructure, and finally research and training needs for each theme. Geospatial technology has unique role in all aforementioned themes. Therefore, research and training in use of Geospatial Technology (GST) in water sector is needed for each theme at different levels of water administration and water utilisation. The current paper discusses the existing framework and content of capacity building in water sector and geospatial technology in use at various government organizations and institutes. The major gap areas and future capacity building requirements are also highlighted, along with duration and timelines of training/capacity building programs. The use of distance learning/educations tools, social media, and e-learning are also highlighted in promoting use of GST in water sector. The emerging technological trends such as, new remote sensing sensors for measuring water cycle components, ground sensors based field instruments, cloud based data integration and computational models, webGIS based water information portals and training needs of new technologies are also emphasised.

ACS Style

P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. TRAINING, EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS IN APPLICATIONS OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 29 -36.

AMA Style

P. K. Thakur, S. P. Aggarwal, Bhaskar Nikam, V. Garg, A. Chouksey, P. R. Dhote. TRAINING, EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS IN APPLICATIONS OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():29-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. 2018. "TRAINING, EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS IN APPLICATIONS OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 29-36.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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Evapotranspiration (ET) is an essential element of the hydrological cycle and plays a significant role in regional and global climate through the hydrological circulation. Estimation and monitoring of actual crop evapotranspiration (ET) or consumptive water use over large-area holds the key for better water management and regional drought preparedness. In the present study, the remote sensing based energy balance (RS-EB) approach has been used to estimate the spatial variation of instantaneous evapotranspiration (ETinst). The (ETinst) is evaluated as the residual value after computing net radiation, soil heat flux and sensible heat flux using multispectral remote sensing data from Landsat-8 for the post-monsoon and summer season of 2016–2017 over the parts of North India. Cloud free temporal remote sensing data of October 12, 2016; November, 13, 2016; March 05, 2017 and May 24, 2017 were used as primary data for this study. The study showed that normalized difference vegetation index and LST are closely related and serve as a proxy for qualitative representation of (ETinst).

ACS Style

T. Sett; Bhaskar Nikam; S. Nandy; A. Danodia; R. Bhattacharjee; V. Dugesar. ESTIMATION OF INSTANTANEOUS EVAPOTRANSPIRATION USING REMOTE SENSING BASED ENERGY BALANCE TECHNIQUE OVER PARTS OF NORTH INDIA. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 345 -352.

AMA Style

T. Sett, Bhaskar Nikam, S. Nandy, A. Danodia, R. Bhattacharjee, V. Dugesar. ESTIMATION OF INSTANTANEOUS EVAPOTRANSPIRATION USING REMOTE SENSING BASED ENERGY BALANCE TECHNIQUE OVER PARTS OF NORTH INDIA. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():345-352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Sett; Bhaskar Nikam; S. Nandy; A. Danodia; R. Bhattacharjee; V. Dugesar. 2018. "ESTIMATION OF INSTANTANEOUS EVAPOTRANSPIRATION USING REMOTE SENSING BASED ENERGY BALANCE TECHNIQUE OVER PARTS OF NORTH INDIA." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 345-352.

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Published: 19 November 2018 in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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Water is a very crucial element to sustain life on earth. The availability of water varies both spatially and temporally. India being a water stress country, the per capita availability of water is reducing with time. It is predicted that by 2050 around 54% of the country will be water scarce. The changing climate along with the ever-increasing population is putting additional stress on water availability. The science of water, its availability and distribution on earth and its atmosphere, is generally regarded as hydrology. The important aspects of hydrology and hydraulic or more broadly water resources are taught as the subject or optional subjects the branch of Civil Engineering at almost all engineering institutes/colleges at the undergraduate level. It is also one of the specializations for post-graduate level studies. It is, by now, well proven that the geospatial technology play crucial role in water resources assessment, planning and management. However, the young minds (graduate and post-graduate students) are just being trained for typical hydrology using traditional means and approaches. The advancement and potential of geospatial technology has drawn the attention of academician, and it has been started as a subject mostly at the post-graduate courses. Recently, some of the institutions have started courses on geo-informatics at the graduate level. However, the hydrology and geospatial technology are generally taught as two separate subjects under different course at different levels mostly under the broad subject of Civil Engineering. The present paper emphasis on needs and ways of updating Civil Engineering course curriculum by focusing on incorporation of applications of geospatial technology in hydrology as regular subject.

ACS Style

V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. IMPORTANCE OF INCORPORATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES AT GRADUATE AND POST-GRADUATE COURSES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 111 -116.

AMA Style

V. Garg, Bhaskar Nikam, P. K. Thakur, S. P. Aggarwal, A. Chouksey, P. R. Dhote. IMPORTANCE OF INCORPORATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES AT GRADUATE AND POST-GRADUATE COURSES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():111-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. 2018. "IMPORTANCE OF INCORPORATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES AT GRADUATE AND POST-GRADUATE COURSES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 111-116.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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Era-Interim (ECMWF Re- analysis) is a global reanalysis atmospheric product which is being continuously updated in real time since 1979. It is also termed as third generation reanalysis product. The Era–Interim gives meteorological products like precipitation, temperature, etc. In the present work, 3-hourly Era–Interim product for the entire India is compared with gridded data provided by IMD for period 1979–2013 and APHRODITE data for period 1979–2007, respectively. The comparison is done on seasonal basis and the seasons are taken based on the pattern of rainfall, hence, the four seasons selected are DJF (December, January & February), MAM (March, April & May), JJAS (June, July, August & September) and ON (October & November). In the methodology the Era-Interim 3-hourly products are converted into the daily products and then it is used to form seasonal images for each year. All the images are then taken to form four images as outcome for the entire study period which represents the average rainfall (mm/day) for the entire region. This is being done for the IMD and for the APHRODITE Data. All the four images are then taken for the comparison with the reference images of the IMD 0.5º × 0.5º gridded rainfall data and with the APHRODITE 0.5º × 0.5º gridded rainfall data. The correlation coefficient and the RMSE for each season is calculated. The mean value is compared with the mean of IMD and APHRODITE rainfall products, respectively and a bias in mean is also calculated along with the scatter plots of Era-Interim with the reference datasets. The Era – Interim data came out with suitable comparative parameters with high correlation coefficient and low RMSE value in certain regions and in specific seasons. Scatter plots have also given good correlation in all the seasons. Bias maps have also shown very less bias in specific seasons for certain regions. The suitability maps prepared for the study region also shows that most of the region lies in most suitable range and very less in unsuitable range.

ACS Style

Vishal Sharma; K. Pandey; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; M. K. Dhasmana; Vaibhav Shrivastava; S. Singh. SEASONAL COMPARISON OF ERA-INTERIM PRECIPITATION DATASET FOR ENTIRE INDIAN REGION. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 567 -573.

AMA Style

Vishal Sharma, K. Pandey, P. K. Thakur, S. P. Aggarwal, Bhaskar Nikam, M. K. Dhasmana, Vaibhav Shrivastava, S. Singh. SEASONAL COMPARISON OF ERA-INTERIM PRECIPITATION DATASET FOR ENTIRE INDIAN REGION. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():567-573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vishal Sharma; K. Pandey; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; M. K. Dhasmana; Vaibhav Shrivastava; S. Singh. 2018. "SEASONAL COMPARISON OF ERA-INTERIM PRECIPITATION DATASET FOR ENTIRE INDIAN REGION." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 567-573.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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The flood early warning for any country is very important due to possible saving of human life, minimizing economic losses and devising mitigation strategies. The present work highlights the experimental flood early warning study in parts of Beas Basin, India for the monsoon season of 2015. The entire flood early warning was done in three parts. In first part, rainfall forecast for every three days in double nested Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) domain (9 km for outer domain and 3 km for inner domain) was done for North Western Himalaya NWH using National Centres for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecasting System (GFS) 0.25 degree data as initialization state. Rainfall forecast was validated using Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) data, the simulation accuracy of WRF in rainfall prediction above 100 mm is about 60%. Rainfall induced flood event of August 05–08, 2015 in Sone River (tributary of Beas River) Basin, near Dharampur, Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh caused very high damages. This event was picked three days in advance by WRF model based rainfall forecast. In second part, mean rainfall at sub-basin scale for hydrological model (HEC-HMS) was estimated from forecasted rainfall at every three hours in netcdf format using python script and flood hydrographs were generated. In third part, flood inundation map was generated using Hydrodynamic (HD) model (MIKE 11) with flood hydrographs as boundary condition to see the probable areas of inundation.

ACS Style

P. R. Dhote; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; V. C. Sharma; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; A. Chouksey. EXPERIMENTAL FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN PARTS OF BEAS BASIN USING INTEGRATION OF WEATHER FORECASTING, HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 221 -225.

AMA Style

P. R. Dhote, P. K. Thakur, S. P. Aggarwal, V. C. Sharma, V. Garg, Bhaskar Nikam, A. Chouksey. EXPERIMENTAL FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN PARTS OF BEAS BASIN USING INTEGRATION OF WEATHER FORECASTING, HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():221-225.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. R. Dhote; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; V. C. Sharma; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam; A. Chouksey. 2018. "EXPERIMENTAL FLOOD EARLY WARNING SYSTEM IN PARTS OF BEAS BASIN USING INTEGRATION OF WEATHER FORECASTING, HYDROLOGICAL AND HYDRODYNAMIC MODELS." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 221-225.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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Capacity studies of reservoirs are important to evaluate sedimentation and optimize reservoir operation schedule based on realistic assessment of available storage. Capacity study at regular interval provide information about rate and pattern of sedimentation between various levels, loss of capacity due to sedimentation, remaining time span of reservoir, etc. In the present study, evaluation of revised capacity of Gobind Sagar reservoir in Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh, India has been done using Google Earth Engine. Landsat 8 (OLI) data for September 2015 and for the period September 2017 to May 2018 covering full extent of Gobind Sagar reservoir is taken to compute the water spread area of this reservoir at different dates. Subsequently, the reservoir water level and volume of water stored on the corresponding dates is acquired from India-WRIS. By using trapezoidal formula capacity between two elevations is determined using water spread area obtained from Google Earth Engine analysis and elevation data obtained from India-WRIS. The comparison of water spread areas of different water levels, as obtained from remotely sensed data from September 2017 to May, 2018 with those from survey carried out during 1996/97, indicates a reduction in the capacity by 10.71% and sedimentation rate was estimated to be 14.24 Mm3/year.

ACS Style

S. Singh; M. K. Dhasmana; Vaibhav Shrivastava; Vishal Sharma; N. Pokhriyal; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. ESTIMATION OF REVISED CAPACITY IN GOBIND SAGAR RESERVOIR USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND GIS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, XLII-5, 589 -595.

AMA Style

S. Singh, M. K. Dhasmana, Vaibhav Shrivastava, Vishal Sharma, N. Pokhriyal, P. K. Thakur, S. P. Aggarwal, Bhaskar Nikam, V. Garg, A. Chouksey, P. R. Dhote. ESTIMATION OF REVISED CAPACITY IN GOBIND SAGAR RESERVOIR USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND GIS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; XLII-5 ():589-595.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Singh; M. K. Dhasmana; Vaibhav Shrivastava; Vishal Sharma; N. Pokhriyal; P. K. Thakur; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; A. Chouksey; P. R. Dhote. 2018. "ESTIMATION OF REVISED CAPACITY IN GOBIND SAGAR RESERVOIR USING GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE AND GIS." The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5, no. : 589-595.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2018 in ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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Extreme precipitation events are responsible for major floods in any part of the world. In recent years, simulations and projection of weather conditions to future, with Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models like Weather Research and Forecast (WRF), has become an imperative component of research in the field of atmospheric science and hydrology. The validation of modelled forecast is thus have become matter of paramount importance in case of forecasting. This study delivers an all-inclusive assessment of 5 high spatial resolution gridded precipitation products including satellite data products and also climate reanalysis product as compared to WRF precipitation product. The study was performed in river basins of North Western Himalaya (NWH) in India. Performance of WRF model is evaluated by comparing with observational gridded (0.25° × 0.25°) precipitation data from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). Other products include TRMM Multi Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42-v7 product (0.25° × 0.25°) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) product (0.1° × 0.1°). Moreover, climate reanalysis rainfall product from ERA Interim is also used. Bias, Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Square Error, False Alarm Ratio (FAR), Probability of False Detection (POFD), and Probability of Detection (POD) were calculated with particular rainfall thresholds. TRMM and GPM products were found to be sufficiently close to the observations. All products showed better performance in the low altitude areas i.e. in planes of Upper Ganga and Yamuna basin and Indus basin, and increase in error as topographical variation increases. This study can be used for identifying suitability of WRF forecast data and assessing performance of other rainfall datasets as well.

ACS Style

A. Roy; P. K. Thakur; N. Pokhriyal; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; P. R. Dhote; A. Choksey. INTERCOMPARISON OF DIFFERENT RAINFALL PRODUCTS AND VALIDATION OF WRF MODELLED RAINFALL ESTIMATION IN N-W HIMALAYA DURING MONSOON PERIOD. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, IV-5, 351 -358.

AMA Style

A. Roy, P. K. Thakur, N. Pokhriyal, S. P. Aggarwal, Bhaskar Nikam, V. Garg, P. R. Dhote, A. Choksey. INTERCOMPARISON OF DIFFERENT RAINFALL PRODUCTS AND VALIDATION OF WRF MODELLED RAINFALL ESTIMATION IN N-W HIMALAYA DURING MONSOON PERIOD. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; IV-5 ():351-358.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Roy; P. K. Thakur; N. Pokhriyal; S. P. Aggarwal; Bhaskar Nikam; V. Garg; P. R. Dhote; A. Choksey. 2018. "INTERCOMPARISON OF DIFFERENT RAINFALL PRODUCTS AND VALIDATION OF WRF MODELLED RAINFALL ESTIMATION IN N-W HIMALAYA DURING MONSOON PERIOD." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5, no. : 351-358.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2018 in ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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Drought is a recurring climatic event characterized by slow onset, a gradual increase in its intensity, and persistence for a long period depending upon the availability of water. Droughts, broadly classified into meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought, which are interconnected to each other. India, being an agriculture based economy depends primarily on agriculture production for its economic development and stability. The occurrence of agriculture drought affects the agricultural yield, which affects the regional economy to a larger extent. In present study, agricultural and meteorological drought in Maharashtra state was monitored using traditional as well as remote sensing methods. The meteorological drought assessment and characterization is done using two standard meteorological drought indices viz. standard precipitation index (SPI) and effective drought index (EDI). The severity and persistency of meteorological drought were studied using SPI for the period 1901 to 2015. However, accuracy of SPI in detection of sub-monthly drought is limited. Therefore, sub-monthly drought is effectively monitored using EDI. The monthly and sub-monthly drought mapped using SPI and EDI, respectively were then compared and assessed. It was concluded that EDI serves as a better indicator to monitor sub-monthly droughts. The agricultural drought monitoring was carried out using the remote sensing based indices such as vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), vegetation health index (VHI), shortwave angle slope index (SASI) and the index which maps the agricultural drought in a better way was identified. The area under drought as calculated by various agricultural drought indices compared with that of the EDI, it was found that the results of SASI matched with results of EDI. SASI denotes different values for the dry and wet soil and for the healthy and sparse vegetation. SASI monitors the agricultural drought better as compared to other indices used in this study.

ACS Style

P. V. Aswathi; Bhaskar Nikam; A. Chouksey; S. P. Aggarwal. ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN MAHARASHTRA USING METEOROLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING BASED INDICES. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, IV-5, 253 -264.

AMA Style

P. V. Aswathi, Bhaskar Nikam, A. Chouksey, S. P. Aggarwal. ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN MAHARASHTRA USING METEOROLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING BASED INDICES. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; IV-5 ():253-264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. V. Aswathi; Bhaskar Nikam; A. Chouksey; S. P. Aggarwal. 2018. "ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN MAHARASHTRA USING METEOROLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING BASED INDICES." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5, no. : 253-264.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2018 in ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
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Water is the prime requirement for agriculture, domestic uses and industrial production. In India the per capita available of water is decreasing at a higher rate due to impact of climate change and ever-increasing population. Rainwater harvesting is the technique which is being used in effective storing of surface runoff. There are various types of water harvesting structures namely check dam, farm pond, percolation tank, etc. However, identification of potential site for the construction of the particular water harvesting structure is bit difficult as it depends upon numerous parameters such as soil type, slope, water availability, land use and land cover of the site and the surrounding, etc. The guidelines such as Food and Agriculture Organization; Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development are available for selecting suitable site for water harvesting structures. As the site suitability analysis involves multiple parameters for decision making, in the present study, the selection of suitable site for check dam is made through analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in geospatial domain for Hatni watershed, Madhya Pradesh, India. As location for check dam construction is influenced by soil texture, slope of the terrain, land use land cover, stream order and water availability; these parameters were derived from remote sensing data and analysed. The slope and stream network layers were generated from the digital elevation model (DEM). Further, the influence of soil and water availability in identifying the suitable sites was studied through soil texture and curve number. Different parameters influence the site suitability analysis, therefore, in the present study, IMSD guidelines were used to assign weights to each parameter under consideration. The layers were assigned weights by AHP technique based on pairwise comparison. The layers were reclassified according to the weights, then overlay analysis has been done to get the final site suitability map. As remote sensing provides the synoptic coverage of the earth, it has been further utilised to study the impact of water harvesting structure on its surrounding. The land use land cover map of before and after the construction of water harvesting structure was analysed for change in vegetation condition. It was observed that the vegetative cover has increased after implementation of the water conservation measures. It may be concluded that the geospatial technology has immense potential in site suitability studies for water harvesting structures.

ACS Style

B. N. Shashikumar; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam. ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE WATER HARVESTING SITE IN GEOSPATIAL ENVIRONMENT. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2018, IV-5, 189 -196.

AMA Style

B. N. Shashikumar, V. Garg, Bhaskar Nikam. ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE WATER HARVESTING SITE IN GEOSPATIAL ENVIRONMENT. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2018; IV-5 ():189-196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

B. N. Shashikumar; V. Garg; Bhaskar Nikam. 2018. "ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE WATER HARVESTING SITE IN GEOSPATIAL ENVIRONMENT." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-5, no. : 189-196.