Background and Objectives: According to the CDC estimates, 5.6 million healthcare workers worldwide are exposed to the risk of occupationally contracting blood-borne pathogens, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and others. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge level on blood-borne infection control (IC) among Romanian undergraduate dental students. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey with 21 items was conducted from May 2022 to June 2022. The study had α = 0.620 and Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.660. The Chi-square test was used for data comparison. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study sample included 207 subjects with a mean age of 21.38 (±1.9) years, 59.9% F (female), 40.1% M (male), 38.2% students from year II and 61.8% from year III. Most of the subjects did not have knowledge on the indirect mode of IC, the persistence of HBV, HCV, or HIV, or the existence of rapid tests (p < 0.05). PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) was known as follows: HBV, 32.36% (67); HCV, 25.60% (53); and HIV, 36.71% (76); p < 0.05. Only 50.24% (104) had knowledge on the recommended testing moments (p = 0.019 by gender, p = 0.752 by year of study). The optimal time to access PEP was considered by 28.01% (58), p ˃ 0.05. Only 37.68% (78) strongly agreed that the one-hand covering technique of the needle was efficient in IC (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The evaluation of the knowledge regarding IC highlighted major gaps in the perception of the subjects, which underlined the need to implement sustained forms of continuing medical education on this topic.

(1) Objective: The main aims of our study were to explore the drug survival and effectiveness of secukinumab in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). (2) Methods: We underwent a retrospective analysis of consecutive axSpA treated with secukinumab as a first line of biologics or at switch in a biologic-experienced population. Efficacy data, indicating improvement in inflammation parameters (such as C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and disease activity scores (such as Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score [ASDAS-CRP], Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index [BASDAI]), and patient-reported outcomes (pain), were assessed at 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months. The drug survival rate, dropout rate and discontinuation reasons (efficacy versus safety) of secukinumab were assessed in subgroup analysis (axSpA with and without exposure to biologics). (3) Results: In total, 46 patients were exposed to the IL-17A inhibitor secukinumab. The drug survival for axSpA patients 59.7% at 12 months and 31.3% at 24 months. There were no statistically significant differences in the median drug survival between biologic-naïve versus biologic-experienced subgroups. (4) Conclusions: Secukinumab has demonstrated effectiveness and safety in treating a cohort of axSpA patients in real-world settings, with a notable retention rate of the drug.

Chronic delta hepatitis is a global health problem. Although a smaller percentage of chronic HBV-infected patients are coinfected with the hepatitis delta virus, these patients have a higher risk of an accelerated progression to fulminant “delta hepatitis”, cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma, putting a financial strain on the healthcare system and increasing the need for a liver transplant. Since its discovery, tremendous efforts have been directed toward understanding the intricate pathogenic mechanisms, discovering the complex viral replication process, the essential replicative intermediates, and cell division-mediated viral spread, which enables virion viability. The consideration of the interaction between HBV and HDV is crucial in the process of developing novel pharmaceuticals. Until just recently, interferon-based therapy was the only treatment available worldwide. This review aims to present the recent advancements in understanding the life cycle of HDV, which have consequently facilitated the development of innovative drug classes. Additionally, we will examine the antiviral strategies currently in phases II and III of development, including bulevirtide (an entry inhibitor), lonafarnib (a prenylation inhibitor), and REP 2139 (an HBsAg release inhibitor).