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Koiliaris CZO is a European Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) typical of the Mediterranean karstic geomorphology, which represents watersheds affected by humans over the centuries. This study aims to provide information that underpins the hydrologic and geochemical processes functioning at Koiliaris CZO. Linking geomorphologic and tectonic analysis improved the delineation of a karstic area which extends outside of the Koiliaris watershed and identified how structural elements influence the regional hydrology. The fluctuation in the river flow represents processes occurring in the karst and the periodic signal is related to Earth tide stressing of the karstic reservoirs. The conceptualization of a two-reservoir, well-mixed karstic system is confirmed by both the geomorphologic and tidal analysis. The hydrologic response is fast and it is manifested especially during extreme events where 70% of the precipitation becomes surface runoff, creating major flood events. The different sampling sites in the Koiliaris CZO were geochemically clustered and the quantification of the weathering fluxes showed that 25 mm/1000 years and 39 mm/1000 years of carbonate were removed by chemical weathering for the Keramianos ephemeral river and the springs, respectively. These studies illustrate the importance of critical zone science and transdisciplinary studies on water and soil management.
Maria A. Lilli; Dionissis Efstathiou; Daniel Moraetis; Jonathan Schuite; Sofia D. Nerantzaki; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis. Α Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Understand Hydrologic and Geochemical Processes at Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory. Water 2020, 12, 2474 .
AMA StyleMaria A. Lilli, Dionissis Efstathiou, Daniel Moraetis, Jonathan Schuite, Sofia D. Nerantzaki, Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis. Α Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Understand Hydrologic and Geochemical Processes at Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2474.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria A. Lilli; Dionissis Efstathiou; Daniel Moraetis; Jonathan Schuite; Sofia D. Nerantzaki; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis. 2020. "Α Multi-Disciplinary Approach to Understand Hydrologic and Geochemical Processes at Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory." Water 12, no. 9: 2474.
Nature-based solutions (NBS) are actions that use natural processes in a resource efficient manner to solve societal challenges. The lack of supportive legislature, and financial, communication and social barriers complicate the process of NBS implementation. It is an urgent need to develop approaches to design and implement NBS that would act as drivers to overcome potential barriers and enhance the social acceptability of the project. The vision-based decision-making methodology and participatory process created in this study has been carried out in the Koiliaris Critical Zone Observatory in Crete to design erosion and flood protection NBS and restore the riparian forest. The methodology consists of four distinct steps as follows: i) develop a vision of the area, ii) conduct a baseline assessment study, iii) NBS design and co-design, and iv) procurement and implementation. The methodology overcame multiple barriers because of the effective stakeholder engagement and the vision “drove” the project and created the necessary consensus that is necessary to achieve the objective of converting privately owned prime agricultural land to riparian forest. It offers an exemplar of a functional ecosystem restoration project that protects the river in a sustainable way, improves its biodiversity and water quality and improves the quality of life and social cohesion.
Maria A. Lilli; Sofia D. Nerantzaki; Christos Riziotis; Manolis Kotronakis; Dionissis Efstathiou; Dimitris Kontakos; Petros Lymberakis; Manolis Avramakis; Antonis Tsakirakis; Konstantinos Protopapadakis; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis. Vision-Based Decision-Making Methodology for Riparian Forest Restoration and Flood Protection Using Nature-Based Solutions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3305 .
AMA StyleMaria A. Lilli, Sofia D. Nerantzaki, Christos Riziotis, Manolis Kotronakis, Dionissis Efstathiou, Dimitris Kontakos, Petros Lymberakis, Manolis Avramakis, Antonis Tsakirakis, Konstantinos Protopapadakis, Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis. Vision-Based Decision-Making Methodology for Riparian Forest Restoration and Flood Protection Using Nature-Based Solutions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria A. Lilli; Sofia D. Nerantzaki; Christos Riziotis; Manolis Kotronakis; Dionissis Efstathiou; Dimitris Kontakos; Petros Lymberakis; Manolis Avramakis; Antonis Tsakirakis; Konstantinos Protopapadakis; Nikolaos P. Nikolaidis. 2020. "Vision-Based Decision-Making Methodology for Riparian Forest Restoration and Flood Protection Using Nature-Based Solutions." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3305.