The leaves of the plant handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum L. Griff) have long been used for traditional medicine in several regions in Indonesia. This study was aimed to determine the effect of gamma irradiation rate on the anatomy and phytochemical content of the leaf. The rates of gamma rays used were 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 Gy. Our results showed that gamma ray irradiation rate of 30 Gy produced leaves that contain anthocyanins and carotenoids, with the highest number of stomata and stomatal density compared with control plants. Stomatal index was found highest in the leaves with 45 Gy of gamma irradiation. High-rate gamma ray irradiation produced rigid, thick, and frangible leaves. A high rate of gamma irradiation, i.e. 75, 90, and 105 Gy, produces bigger palisade, sponges, and upper epidermis than the control plants, respectively. Our results showed an association between increasing rate of irradiation with alterations in the structure of leaf anatomy and phytochemical content of handeuleum

Salinity makes disorder to plant physiological causes decreasing in biomass production. Applying silica nutrients is expected to increase paddy (Oryza sativa L.) tolerance to salinity. The study aims to examine the effects of the application of silica nutrients under saline conditions regarding plant growth analysis and its correlation to paddy biomass production. The research was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was NaCl concentrations consisting of four levels, including non-saline, 4 dS m-1, 8 dS m-1 and 12 dS m-1. The second factor was silica doses per kg soil with three levels including 300 mg, 450 mg and 600 mg. The treatments were repeated three times. The result showed that the NaCl concentration affected root shoot ratio at harvest. Silica dosage affected leaf area index 8 weeks after planting (WAP), root shoot ration at harvest and net assimilation rate. Interaction of NaCl concentration and silica dose affected root shoot ratio in 8 WAP and at harvest. Plant growth analysis illustrated on leaf area index, plant growth rate and root shoot ratio correlated positively with biomass production. However, the harvest index and net assimilation rate showed negative correlations to biomass production. The application of silica nutrients had the potential to improve paddy growth and yield under saline conditions.

Handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum L.Griff) is a medicinal plant widely used as a traditional medicine due to its benefecial content. Therefore, it should be developed as one of the leading Indonesian medicinal plants. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of gamma ray irradiation on morphological alteration and growth of Handeuleum accession from Bogor. The doses of gamma rays were 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 105 Gy. The results of the research showed that gamma-ray irradiation induced morphological changes and influences the growth of Handeuleum. Irradiation dose at rate of 105 Gy produced new leaf morphology in Handeuleum, namely cordate. Doses of 60, 75, 90, and 105 Gy produce stunted plants with stiff and yellowish-green leaves. The dose of 45 Gy produced relative green color index which was higher than the control plants.Keywords: handeuleum, gamma irradiations

Near isogenic lines (NIL) were created to maintain good allele introgression in commercial tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum ). NIL ‐Sletr 1‐2 mutant tomato has a long shelf life. However, its growth, productivity, and fruit quality (taste and nutrition content) are below its maternal commercial cultivar. Elicitors were known to enhance tomatoes' taste and nutrition content effectively. Elicitors induced secondary metabolite synthesis in fruits, vegetables, and herbs. This study was carried out using a nonfactorial, completely randomized design. Four levels of elicitors were used: control (E0), 160 mM NaCl (E1), 0.5 mM salicylic acid (E2), and 0.25 mM methyl jasmonate (E3). This research aimed to uncover morpho‐physiological, productivity, and phytochemical responses of NIL ‐Sletr1‐2 tomato mutants to different elicitors. The results showed that elicitors have a significant impact on every parameter above. NaCl treatment increased the number of fruits per trusses, flowers per trusses, fruit pH, β‐carotene, total sugar, and antioxidant activity. Salicylic acid enhanced the fruit diameter, fruit weight, pH, and β‐carotene. Meanwhile, methyl jasmonate increased fruit weight, fruit diameter, pH, lycopene, total phenolic compound, and flavonoids. These results suggest that elicitors effectively increased the production and phytochemical properties of NIL‐ Sletr1‐2 mutant tomato.

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas wortel kultivar lokal Cipanas yang diberi perlakuan kompos campuran sampah organik dengan berbagai kotoran ternak. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri 8 kombinasi perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Kedelapan kombinasi perlakuan tersebut adalah tanpa kompos; kompos sampah organik; kompos kotoran sapi; kompos kotoran kuda; kompos kotoran ayam; kompos campuran sampah organik : kotoran sapi (1:1); kompos campuran sampah organik : kotoran kuda (1:1); kompos campuran sampah organik : kotoran ayam (1:1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semua kombinasi perlakuan tidak memberikan perbedaan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap persentase jumlah dan bobot umbi kualitas A, persentase jumlah dan bobot umbi kualitas B, persentase jumlah umbi yang terkena hama, panjang dan diameter umbi rata-rata kualitas A, dan persentase susut bobot setelah 22 hari penyimpanan. Perlakuan tanpa pemberian kompos, kompos sampah organik, dan kompos yang mengandung kotoran sapi menghasilkan persentase jumlah umbi bercabang lebih sedikit. Kompos kotoran ayam dan kompos campuran sampah organik dengan semua kotoran ternak menghasilkan persentase jumlah umbi kecil lebih sedikit, sedang kompos campuran sampah organik dengan kotoran sapi dan dengan kotoran kuda menghasilkan umbi dengan ketahanan simpan umbi yang lebih lama dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Kata kunci: kompos kotoran ternak, kompos sampah organik, kualitas, wortel