Recent advances in environmental psychology highlighted the beneficial role of greenspace exposure on cognition. We conducted a systematic review of the available studies on the association of long-term exposure to greenspace and cognitive functions across the lifespan. PRISMA guidelines and the PECOs method were applied to screen for eligible studies. Twenty-five studies from Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO met the inclusion criteria. Six studies were longitudinal and nineteen cross-sectional. Fifteen studies focused on schoolchildren, six studies on adults, and four on the elderly. Twenty studies used the NDVI to assess greenspace exposure and the remaining used other indexes. Eight studies employed academic achievement as the outcome, eight studies global cognition, six studies attention/executive functions, and three studies memory. The evidence was inconsistent but suggestive for a beneficial role of greenspace exposure on cognitive functions. Further studies are required, especially among adults and older people, by adopting longitudinal designs.

The ideal temporary implant should offer enough mechanical support to allow healing of the fracture and then biodegrade and be resorbed by metabolic mechanisms without causing any toxic effect. The aim of this research has been to simultaneously study in situ bone healing and the biodegradation of AZ31 Mg alloy as an osteosynthesis material. The in vivo study was carried out in AZ31 implants with and without Mg-fluoride coating inserted in un-fractured and fractured femurs of Wistar rats for long experimentation time, from 1 to 13 months, by means of computed tomography, histological and histomorphometric analysis. Tomography analysis showed the bone healing and biodegradation of AZ31 implants. The fracture is healed in 100% of the animals, and AZ31 maintains its mechanical integrity throughout the healing process. Biodegradation was monitored, quantifying the evolution of gas over time by 3D composition of tomography images. In all the studied groups, gas pockets disappear with time as a result of the diffusion process through soft tissues. Histomorphometric studies reveal that after 13 months the 46.32% of AZ31 alloy has been resorbed. The resorption of the coated and uncoated AZ31 implants inserted in fractured femurs after 1, 9 and 13 months does not have statistically significant differences. There is a balance between the biodegradation of AZ31 and bone healing which allows the use of AZ31 to be proposed as an osteosynthesis material.

A growing body of evidence is suggestive for the beneficial role of contact with greenspace (e.g., use of greenspace, visual access to greenspace, etc.) on mental health (e.g., depression, anxiety, etc.). In addition, several studies have pointed out the benefits of social support and social interaction on psychological wellbeing. Even if evidence on the association between contact with greenspace and perceived social support were mixed, it was supposed that the use of greenspace could enhance social interactions and perceived social support, especially among older adults. The present study aims to explore the effect of use of greenspace on geriatric depression in a sample of South-Italian older adults and the mediating role of perceived social support in this association. A structural equation model was tested in a sample of 454 older adults (60–90 years old) residing in the Metropolitan Area of Bari, Apulia. The fit indices revealed the goodness of fit of the model (CFI = 0.934; TLI = 0.900; IFI = 0.911; NFI = 0.935; RMSEA = 0.074; SRMR = 0.056). Results showed that the use of greenspace was inversely associated with geriatric depression through perceived social support. These findings underlined the relevance of perceived social support on the pathway linking use of greenspace and geriatric depressive symptoms. This evidence may be useful to policymakers to plan interventions for promoting physical access to greenspace and social participation in an age-friendly city framework.

The need to contain the public expenditure and to fulfil the expectations of a transforming society are the main reasons which nowadays the chances to innovate the public sector rest upon. The ICT factor in the e-Health is a strategic lever for the innovation of the socio-sanitary service systems and for the active participation of patients in the care processes. This article will attempt to analyse the role of e-Health in the processes of social change, with particular reference to the EU countries

Este artículo aborda la relación entre las condiciones socioeconómicas y la formación de la primera unión en España mediante el análisis de la influencia del nivel educativo y de la historia laboral en la transición a la primera cohabitaciòn y al matrimonio directo, destacando las tendencias específicas de generación y género a lo largo del tiempo. Para ello, la contribuciòn se avale de una perspectiva longitudinal de género en la se aplica el análisis de los acontecimientos en un marco de riesgos competitivos a los datos de la última Encuesta de Fertilidad (SS) disponible realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística en 2018. Los resultados muestran que, entre las mujeres, la influencia positiva del nivel educativo sobre la primera convivencia se ha invertido, mientras que el gradiente negativo del matrimonio se ha intensificado a través de las generaciones. Por su parte, el gradiente económico se ha mantenido estable a través de las generaciones en el matrimonio directo y sigue siendo fundamental para formar la primera cohabitación, pero resulta menos relevante entre las mujeres más jóvenes. Para los hombres, la influencia positiva del nivel educativo ha perdido su fuerza con cada generación sucesiva, mientras que el efecto de la historia laboral -tanto en la convivencia como en el matrimonio- ha disminuido con el pasar del tiempo.