A new species of Capparis, Capparis hinnamnoensis, is described from the Khammouan Province, central Lao PDR. The new species is characterized by the indumentum constituted by stellate, two-armed and simple hairs, and by the terminal racemes bearing trifid bracts and medium-sized flowers. It is so far known from a single locality in the Hin Nam No National Protected Area, where it has been observed in the deciduous forest on Permo-Carboniferous limestone. Its conservation status is assessed.

Southeastern Asia is one of the main centres of diversity of the genus Capparis in the Old World. Morpho-chorological investigations carried out on collections from Lao PDR provided new data on the variation and distribution of some intrageneric taxa that were critical, poorly known or unrecorded in the country. The variability of Capparis pyrifolia and Capparis zeylanica is discussed, while Capparis acutifolia subsp. acutifolia and Capparis tenera are respectively confirmed and first recorded in Lao PDR. A new variety of Capparis micracantha is described and 12 lectotypes are designated. For each taxon morphological, chorological and autecological data are given.

A new species of Capparis, Capparis lanceolatifolia, is described and illustrated from central Lao PDR, where it is known from a single limestone doline in the Hinboun District, Khammouan Province. The new species is characterized by narrowly lanceolate leaves, racemose inflorescence bearing trifid bracts and small size of flower. Its affinities with related taxa and conservation status are discussed.

A revision of the genus Capparis has been carried out in New Caledonia, a global biodiversity hotspot with a high rate of endemism in its vascular flora. The taxonomic treatment of Capparis in this area required study because of some incompletely known taxa and deviating forms. Based on morphological and distributional investigations carried out on historical and recent herbarium collections, four species are recognised in New Caledonia: C. spinosa , belonging to sect. Capparis ; C. quiniflora , belonging to sect. Monostychocalix ; and C. parvifolia and C. artensis , both belonging to sect. Busbeckea . Capparis spinosa is represented by subsp. cordifolia , a taxon widespread in several Pacific islands, for which only scanty collections from the Loyalty Islands have been examined. Capparis quiniflora , widely distributed from the Malesian Region to Australia, is present along the coast and lowlands of New Caledonia on various substrata up to c. 250 m elevation. Capparis parvifolia is endemic to Mont Kaala, North Province of New Caledonia, where it is reported on ultramafic substrata from c. 100 to 800 m. Capparis artensis , known from New Caledonia and Vanuatu, is widespread prevalently on ultramafic substrata from sea level to c. 700 m. A nomenclatural novelty, C. artensis var. dielsiana comb. et stat. nov., is here proposed and seven lectotypes are designated. A key to species is provided, along with descriptions, distributions and autecological data. Capparis loranthifolia var. bancroftii , formerly recorded from a single mountain range of New Caledonia, is excluded from the flora of the island.

A new species of Capparis L., C. lianosa Fici & Souvannakhoummane, is described and illustrated from limestones of the Muang Ngoi District, Luang Prabang Province, in northern Lao PDR. The new species, belonging to Capparis sect. Monostichocalyx Radlk., is related to C. zeylanica L., differing in several characters as the shorter stipular thorns, the leaves with apex acuminate, the shorter, glabrous or glabrescent gynophore and the flattened stigma.

Summary: A taxonomic revision of the genus Capparis in Laos and Cambodia was undertaken. Based on examination of historical and recent herbarium collections coupled with field investigations, 25 species and 7 intraspecific taxa, all belonging to sect. Monostichocalyx, were recognised in the study area. Among these, a new species, C. averyanovii, and a new subspecies, C. acutifolia subsp. thamphae, from central and northern Laos are described and illustrated. A key to the species is provided, along with descriptions, synonyms, distribution ranges, autecological and phenological data, and 31 lectotypes are selected. When available, vernacular names and traditional uses of the species are also given, based on information from herbarium labels or bibliography. The occurrence of various taxa known only from type material is underlined. Based on the available data, C. diffusa and C. rotundifolia, two species formerly recorded from Cambodia, are excluded from the flora of the study area.