The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is accompanied by a cytokine storm with the release of many proinflammatory factors and development of respiratory syndrome. Several SARS-CoV-2 lineages have been identified, and the Delta variant (B.1.617), linked with high mortality risk, has become dominant in many countries. Understanding the immune responses associated with COVID-19 lineages may therefore aid the development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Multiple single-cell gene expression studies revealed innate and adaptive immunological factors and pathways correlated with COVID-19 severity. Additional investigations covering host–pathogen response characteristics for infection caused by different lineages are required. Here, we performed single-cell transcriptome profiling of blood mononuclear cells from the individuals with different severity of the COVID-19 and virus lineages to uncover variant specific molecular factors associated with immunity. We identified significant changes in lymphoid and myeloid cells. Our study highlights that an abundant population of monocytes with specific gene expression signatures accompanies Delta lineage of SARS-CoV-2 and contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis inferring immune components for targeted therapy.

Методика оценки уровня IgG-антител к различным белкам SARS-CoV-2 с помощью мультиплексного иммунофлуоресцентного анализа

Сравнение инструментов биоинформатики для HLA-типирования на основе данных WGS

Introduction. Localized scleroderma (LS) is associated with an increased risk of malignant neoplasms. The combination of these diseases creates the phenomenon of double psychological vulnerability. The features of the subjective experience of such comorbidity are poorly studied. Aim. To compare psychological well-being and subjective vitality in patients with isolated LS and LS associated with malignant neoplasms, as well as to assess the relationship between psychological indicators and clinical and laboratory characteristics of the disease. Mat erials and methods. The study involved 87 patients with verified LS: the main group (n = 60) with a history of malignant neoplasms, and the control group (n = 27) without malignant neoplasms. A comprehensive assessment was conducted, including medical history collection, assessment of clinical and dermatoscopic signs of LS to objectify the severity of the skin process, determination of cancer markers (AFP, CEA, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, and CA 15-3) for screening the activity of the oncological process and identifying subclinical changes, psychological diagnostics (K. Riffʼs Psychological Well-Being Scale, T.V. Maltsevaʼs Subjective Vitality Questionnaire). Statistical analysis included nonparametric criteria, regression and factor analysis. Results. Patients of the main group revealed a critical decrease in goal-setting (β = -0.57) and competence in managing the environment (β = -0.51). A paradox of vitality was found: the mobilization of energy (r = 0.354) was combined with a decrease in the meaning of life (r = -0.347), which indicates the phenomenon of “exhausting adaptation.” Factor analysis confirmed the bipolar structure of adaptation: “acceptance-autonomy” (main group) and “meaning-management” (control group). Statistically significant correlations were found between elevated levels of cancer markers (CEA, CA72.4), individual dermatoscopic signs (erythema, hyperkeratosis), and indicators of psychological distress. Conclusion. Psychological adaptation in combined pathology is characterized by transformation of the semantic sphere and dissociation of resources. The revealed correlations between somatic and psychological indicators, independent of patient awareness, indicate complex psychosomatic and somatopsychic relationships that require further study.