Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is one of the etiologies of bovine mastitis, hindering milk production and productivity in dairy farms. This study was aimed at assessing the distribution of bovine mastitis and the isolation rate of S. aureus in milked cows of West Shewa Zone. The clinical mastitis was diagnosed by physical methods including observation and palpation, whereas the subclinical mastitis was tested by the California mastitis test (CMT). All of the cows tested for mastitis were aseptically sampled (teat‐milk) for bacteriology. The bacterium was primarily identified based on colony characterization, catalase, coagulase tests, and Gram stain reaction. Finally, MALDI‐TOF Biotyper confirmed the species. The antibacterial sensitivity characteristics of the isolates to different antibacterial drugs were tested by the disk diffusion method. The drugs were selected based on the frequent usage in veterinary medicine in the study area. By using particular primers, the presence of the resistance (mecA and blaZ), and thermonuclease (nuc) genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data were analyzed by R statistical software. The associations between the dependent variables (prevalence of mastitis and S. aureus) and the explanatory variables were analysed by chi‐square (χ²) and logistic regression tests at a 95% confidence interval (CI). Accordingly, 258 lactating cows were examined, of which 97 (37.6%) were mastitis positive. Of these mastitis positive cows, 59 (60.8%) were subclinical and 38 (39.2%) were clinical. Among the 258 milk samples, 43 (16.7%) were positive for S. aureus. According to the results of the current investigation, subclinical mastitis was significantly more prevalent than clinical mastitis (p < 0.05). The disease was found varied with the lactation stage of the animal, milking with washed hand, udder washing before milking, and tick infestation of the teat. In comparison to animals from farms with lower number of lactating cows, the prevalence of the bacteria was significantly higher in animals managed in farms with large (OR = 12.58, 95% CI = 2.33–68.54, and p < 0.05) and medium (OR = 12.58, 95% CI = 2.33–68.54, and p < 0.05) population of lactating cows per herd. The isoation rate of the bacterium was also found significantly higher in tick‐infested cows (OR = 27.69, 95% CI = 9.71–93.01, and p < 0.05) than tick free cows. The antibiogram tests revealed that the isolates resisted penicillin G and tetracycline group drugs (oxytetracycline and tetracycline). Moreover, the nuc gene was confirmed to be present in all of the examined isolates. However, they were not found harboring blaZ and mecA genes. We concluded that S. aureus is sustaining as a main causative agent of bovine mastitis, and they were resistant to the frequently used antibiotics in public and veterinary medicines in the study areas. Therefore, research‐based interventions need to be taken in action to combat the pathogen.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance to specific antibacterial drugs in bacteria have led many drugs of choice ineffective against pathogens. Methecillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) is one of the pathogens, which looses sensitivity to Methicillin. Methicillin has been considered as the drug of choice of choice to treat infections caused by β-lactams and other antibiotics resistant S. aureus. Objectives: The objectives of the current study were to analyse the prevalence of MRSA in S. aureus isolates from different sources of samples and to assess the risk factors associated with the prevalence. The multidrug resistance pattern of the pathogen was also one of the outcome of interest of the review. Methods: The original research articles were collected from PubMed and PMC databases from 12^th to 14^th December 2021. The English language articles conducting on MRSA prevalence in Ethiopia were included in the analysis. Relevant data were extracted, coded and displayed on Excel spreadsheet. The pooled prevalence of MRSA was determined per S. aureus isolates. The analysis were made by using R statistical software at 95% CI. Result: 79 research eligible articles were selected for the meta-analysis. 26930 samples were collected from different sampled materials. Of these 4219 (15.65%) were S. aureus positive of which 1695 were found MRSA strains. The overall pooled prevalence of MRASA in S. aureus was found to be 40%. The pooled prevalence of MRSA in human, animal, food and environment was 38%,15%,77%,and 54% respectively. The strain was determined significantly highest in food and environment than in animal and human samples (p<0.05). The subgroup analysis based on the health status of the individual in samples of human indicated that MRSA was significantly prevalent in patients than in health individuals (p<0.05). The assessment of MDR pattern of MRSA revealed that it was highly resistant to cefuroxime (100%), Tobramycin (100%), Neomycin (99%) and Penicillin (92%), Pipracilin (91%), Erythromycin (88%), Bacitracin(84%) and Amoxacilin-clavulanicacid (80%). In contrast Clindamycin, chloramphenicol, Amikacin, vancomycin, Knamycin and Ceftriaxone with pooled resistance rates of 21%, 22%, 27% , 20%, 25% and 30% respectively were antibiotic of relatively better effective.