A rubric is an assessment tool that allows the teacher to communicate the expectations about a task to students. Accordingly, the students can plan their work and assess the progress properly. However, only a use from a formative perspective guarantees learning enhancement and performance (E Panadero & Jonsson, 2013). While rubrics have become very popular over the past few years, they are commonly used as a grading tool (Andrade & Valtcheva, 2009). Assessment has a key role in teaching and learning process considering formative assessment perspective and the guidelines of the Bologna Process (López-Pastor, 2009). In this paper, key elements of design and use are stated to develop self-regulation, self-efficacy, learning and academic performance. In addition, guidelines for grading in a formative way are set out. Below, the steps relevant for enhancing real formative assessment and important dilemmas about it are mentioned. Consequently, rubrics can align instruction, assessment and grading.

Resumen:El Proceso de Bolonia concibe la evaluación como parte del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, denominándose ‘evaluación formativa’, pudiendo ser la autoevaluación una parte esencial del mismo. Esta se entiende como dos acciones: metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje; o autocalificación, evaluándose cuantitativamente con repercusión en la nota final. Se analizaron 1.761 guías docentes de las asignaturas de 40 universidades españolas que imparten presencialmente el Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, siendo un estudio con el 100 % de la población. Los resultados mostraron que el 7,55 % de las asignaturas emplea la autoevaluación como metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje; el 9,43 % como autocalificación y el 1,65 % emplea ambas; encontrando diferencias significativas en función de la titularidad, la universidad, la comunidad autónoma y el número de créditos. Estos resultados son muy inferiores comparados con un estudio con datos autorreportados por docentes (Panadero, Brown, y Courtney, 2014), declarando el 89,7 % emplear la autoevaluación y el 66,2 % la autocalificación. Esta investigación constituye su relevancia al aportar una completa visión sobre la implementación de la autoevaluación y la autocalificación en el grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte en España. The Bologna Process understands assessment as a part of the teaching and learning process. It is so-called formative assessment, being self-assessment an essential part of it. Self-assessment can be conceived having two potential actions. First, as a teaching and learning method, being its purpose to teach students how to assess their own work. Second, as self-grading, in order to grade their own achievement with direct impact in their final mark of the course. This study aims to explore the use of self-assessment and self-grading processes in the Degree in Sport Science. 1,761 teaching guides from the syllabus of the 40 Spanish university faculties with attendance studies were analyzed. Thus, this is a population-based study. Results showed that self-assessment is presumably used in 14.99% of subjects: 7.55% with formative purposes, 9.43% as self-grading and 1.65% employ both. Significant differences were found for ownership, university, region and number of credits. Increased use in some regions and universities shows the territorial influence and the existence of teachers´ communities of practice. These results are far lower compared both to another similar research based on self-reported data collected by surveys (Panadero, Brown, & Courtney, 2014), in which 89.7% of teachers reported they use self-assessment and 66.2% self-grading. Therefore, this research is relevant to provide a suitable overview of the implementation of self-assessment and self-grading in the Degree in Sports Science.

Published research on the effects of sport among the prison population in Spain has come to conflicting conclusions, creating a confusing picture: is it rehabilitation, mere fun, or a form of social control? What lies behind this disparity of findings? Can a prison sports programme have positive effects on inmates, contributing to their reintegration into society? If so, what specific features should the programme have in order to achieve this outcome? To shed some light on the area, answering these questions, is the objective of this article. Firstly, we carried out a review of the Spanish and international literature on the subject, which led us to conclude that a sports programme could in fact have positive effects on inmates’ reintegration, provided that it complied with a certain set of requisites. However, the studies we reviewed made no mention of these requirements, despite their importance. Thus, the second step in our research was to select a sports programme in a Spanish prison which complied with the requisites and to investigate its effects on the inmates taking part. Through participant observation and interviews we found that the programme did indeed have positive effects among prisoners. This represents an important advance in our knowledge, since we were then able to set out the guidelines which the design and implementation of prison sports programmes should follow if they are to aid the social reintegration of inmates. This is the foremost contribution and value of the present study. Key words: sport, physical activity, prisons, inmates, Spain.