By employing metal oxides as oxygen carriers, chemical looping demonstrates its effectiveness in transferring oxygen between reduction and oxidation environments to partially oxidize fuels into syngas and convert CO₂ into CO. Generally, NiFe₂O₄ oxygen carriers have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in chemical looping CO₂ conversion. Nevertheless, the intricate process of atomic migration and evolution within the internal structure of bimetallic oxygen carriers during continuous high‐temperature redox cycling remains unclear. Consequently, the lack of a fundamental understanding of the complex ionic migration and oxygen transfer associated with energy conversion processes hampers the design of high‐performance oxygen carriers. Thus, in this study, we employed in situ characterization techniques and theoretical calculations to investigate the ion migration behavior and structural evolution in the bulk of NiFe₂O₄ oxygen carriers during H₂ reduction and CO₂/lab air oxidation cycles. We discovered that during the H₂ reduction step, lattice oxygen rapidly migrates to vacancy layers to replenish consumed active oxygen species, while Ni leaches from the material and migrates to the surface. During the CO₂ splitting step, Ni migrates toward the core of the bimetallic oxygen carrier, forming Fe–Ni alloys. During the air oxidation step, Fe–Ni migrates outward, creating a hollow structure owing to the Kirkendall effect triggered by the swift transfer of lattice oxygen. The metal atom migration paths depend on the oxygen transfer rates. These discoveries highlight the significance of regulating the release–recovery rate of lattice oxygen to uphold the structures and reactivity of oxygen carriers. This work offers a comprehensive understanding of the oxidation/reduction‐driven atomic interdiffusion behavior of bimetallic oxygen carriers.

C₂₊ hydrocarbons, especially C₂₊ olefins, as important basic chemical raw materials, mainly come from petroleum cracking. With the increasing scarcity of petroleum resources, the search for new olefins production routes has become the focus of research, and the production of olefins by the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process has attracted extensive attention. The OCM route is an important alternative to the production of olefins from petroleum resources and is also an important direction for the development of efficient and clean utilization of natural gas. In this paper, the mechanism, catalysts, and other key factors for the production of olefins by methane oxidative coupling are reviewed. The mechanism of OCM, including the reaction pathway and the formation of intermediate products, is introduced. Then, commonly used catalysts, such as alkali metal/alkaline earth metal oxides, rare earth metal oxides, composite metal oxides with special structures, and classical catalysts Mn/Na₂WO₄/SiO₂, and their mechanisms of action in the reaction are discussed. In addition, the application of chemical looping oxidative coupling of methane (CLOCM) in olefin production is also investigated, which is a promising alternative way due to the high selectivity of olefins and the low cost of catalysts owing to the excellent performance of the catalyst recycling. These studies will help to further understand the mechanism of OCM for olefin production and provide guidance and support for applications in related fields.

CO₂ resourceful utilization contributes to the goal of carbon neutrality. Chemical Looping Dry Reforming (CLDR) has attracted significant attention as a method for converting CO₂ to CO. NiFe₂O₄ oxygen carrier (OC) is found to be a potential material for CLDR. However, the migration process of lattice oxygen, which are critical for the conversion of CO₂ to CO, was not extensively investigated. In this study, the reduction and oxidation degrees of the NiFe₂O₄ were finely modulated in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The lattice oxygen migration mechanism of the NiFe₂O₄ in redox cycles was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and in-situ Raman. The novelty of this paper is clarifying the release-uptake paths of lattice oxygen during CO₂ resourceful utilization. The result indicates that the concentration gradient between the surface and the bulk drives the diffusion of lattice oxygen. The stabilization of surface lattice oxygen content is attributed to the rapid migration of O anion, which is closely associated with the movement process of Ni particles inward and outward through the spinel bulk. In addition, a highly reactive chemical reaction interface consisting of lattice oxygen and the corresponding metal atoms is always present on the surface of the oxygen carrier and is confirmed by an in-situ Raman and XPS during the whole process of CLDR. The results of this paper offer reference and basis for further development and design of CLDR using spinel OC.

As a novel reaction mode of oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene, the chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) of ethane to ethylene has attracted much attention. Instead of using gaseous oxygen, CL-ODH uses lattice oxygen in an oxygen carrier or redox catalyst to facilitate the ODH reaction. In this paper, a perovskite type redox catalyst LaMnO_3+δ was used as a substrate, Ce³⁺ with different proportions was introduced into its A site, and its CL-ODH reaction performance for ethane was studied. The results showed that the ratio of Mn⁴⁺/Mn³⁺ on the surface of Ce-modified samples decreased significantly, and the lattice oxygen species in the bulk phase increased; these were the main reasons for improving ethylene selectivity. La_0.7Ce_0.3MnO₃ showed the best performance during the ODH reaction and showed good stability in twenty redox cycle tests.