Introduction: Cognitive frailty is the co-existence of mild cognitive impairment and physical frailty that increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. The existing systematic reviews on cognitive frailty in the literature have focused only on identifying associated factors and adverse outcomes, and their relationship with frailty and cognition. This study aimed to examine the effects of interventions on cognitive functions, frailty, and physical functions and provide an overview of intervention components used in older people with cognitive frailty. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane were searched for publishing during 2013–2021. Studies were selected based on the following eligibility criteria: 1) older people (age ≥ 60 years), 2) cognitive frailty, 3) outcomes on frailty or cognition or physical function, and 4) randomized controlled trial with any type of intervention. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to rate the quality of the included studies. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021251321). Results: Two thousand five hundred six studies were identified, 9 were eligible, and 8 were included in the meta-analysis. The standardized mean difference (Hedges G) between groups of cognitive functions was 0.95, frailty status was 0, physical function in walking was -1.67, and the physical function in core strength assessment was 3.39. Physical activity appeared as an essential component in all interventions for older people with cognitive frailty. Discussion: All interventions include physical activity as one of the components. Other components include cognitive training, nutrition education, behavioural intervention, mind–body intervention, psychosocial support, and virtual reality. The interventions are effective to promote cognitive and physical functions, but not physical frailty.

Background: The prevalence of fatigue and sleep disturbances is high in stroke populations. Sleep quality can be targeted by interventions to alleviate fatigue following a stroke. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fatigue and poor sleep quality, and to quantify the contribution of sleep quality to fatigue following a stroke, in chronic (≥1 year) stroke survivors.Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted. A total of 112 stroke survivors (mean age ± standard deviation [year], 64.18 ± 5.77) at 6.08 ± 4.80 years post-stroke completed this study. All participants were assessed using the Fatigue Assessment Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Visual Analogue Scale-Pain, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the upper and lower extremities, the 5-Time Sit-To-Stand Test, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Frenchay Activities Index, the Life-Space Assessment, the Community Integration Measure, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Pearson and partial correlation coefficients were used to examine the correlation between fatigue and other variables. A multiple linear regression (the forced entry method) was performed to quantify the independent contribution of sleep quality to prediction of fatigue.Results: Of the 112 participants, 52.7% reported experiencing fatigue and 64.3% reported poor sleep quality. Sleep quality could independently account for 5.9% of the variance in fatigue scores after a stroke.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of fatigue and poor sleep quality in Chinese stroke survivors. Sleep quality is an independent predictor of fatigue in those living in the community who have survived a stroke for a year or longer.

Background: Integrating evidence-based music-with-movement into routine practices for people with dementia requires effective implementation strategies. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the intervention and to examine the effectiveness of the implementation strategies in promoting home-based adoption. Methods: This was a cluster randomized controlled trial adopting a clinical effectiveness-implementation hybrid design. The 12-week music-with-movement intervention aims to promote the well-being of people with dementia and their caregivers. Clinical outcomes were assessed to evaluate the efficacy of the intervention. These included the symptoms of anxiety and depression of people with dementia; caregivers’ perception of their stress and the positive aspects of caregiving; and the quality of the dyadic relationship. Caregivers, staff, and volunteers were interviewed and objective figures on reach and adoption were collected to reflect the outcomes of the implementation. Results: Compared to the waitlist control, there was a significant reduction in the anxiety and the symptoms of depression of those in the intervention group. There was also a significant reduction in the perceived stress level of the caregivers. Six focus group interviews were conducted. The intervention and the appropriateness of the implementation strategies were perceived positively by the dyad participants, the staff of the centres, and volunteers. Of the collaborating centres, 57% continued to use the intervention and, after six months, served six times more people than were recruited in this study. Over half of the participating families continued to use the intervention for at least six more months. Conclusion: Music-with-movement interventions showed promise for improving the well-being of people with dementia and their caregivers. Effective strategies facilitated the implementation process, such as integrating communication technology to provide instant support and involving volunteers in engaging the collaborating centres and families. This study sheds light on perceptions of the intervention, and on its scalability for a broader population. Trial Registration: NCT03575026, Registered 2 July 2018.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Fatigue Assessment Scale into Chinese, examine its psychometric properties, determine the levels of physical and mental fatigue, and compare the fatigue scores in stroke survivors with and without depressive symptoms. Methods: The translation was conducted according to established guidelines and psychometric properties were examined in 112 stroke survivors. Physical and mental fatigue scores and between-group difference were compared. Results: Content validity was good. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.71–0.82) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.77–0.95; κ = 0.38–0.83) were satisfactory. Minimal detectable change was good. The scale had two factors without ceiling and floor effects. Significant correlations were found between the Chinese version of the Fatigue Assessment Scale and the Mental Fatigue Scale (r_s = 0.68), Fatigue Severity Scale (r_s = 0.57), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (r_s = 0.36), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of upper (r_s = 0.24) and lower extremities (r_s = 0.24). Physical fatigue score was higher than mental fatigue score (12.00 vs. 10.00). Participants with depressive symptoms had higher fatigue sum, physical, and mental scores than those without. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the Fatigue Assessment Scale is reliable and valid for assessing fatigue. The level of physical fatigue was higher than that of mental fatigue. Participants with depressive symptoms had higher fatigue scores than those without.