Various immunotherapy has been greatly applied to comprehensive treatment of malignant cancer under different degrees of tumor burden. Scientific researchers have gained considerable progress in the relationship between immunotherapy and tumor burden in recent years. This review aimed to explore the prospect and developing trends in the field of tumor burden and immunotherapy from a bibliometric perspective. Articles about tumor burden and immunotherapy were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) (retrieved on 3 January 2023). The R package ‘Bibliometrix’ analyzed the primary bibliometric features and created a three-filed plot to display the relationship between institutions, countries, and keywords. VOSviewer was used for co-authorship analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and their visualization. And CiteSpace calculated the citation burst references and keywords. A total of 1030 publications were retrieved from 35 years of scientific researches. The United States (US) and China published the most articles. The most productive journals were Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy and Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. The top one institution of the highest output was University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. The hot keywords of strong citation burst strength in recent years were ‘nivolumab’, ‘tumor microenvironment’, and ‘immune checkpoint inhibitor’. The most popular tumor type is melanoma. This bibliometric analysis mapped a basic knowledge structure. The field of tumor burden and immunotherapy is entering a rapid growing stage and keeping it value for future research.

As the advanced form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will significantly increase the risks of liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC. However, there is no non-invasive method to distinguish NASH from NAFLD so far. Additionally, liver biopsy remains the gold standard to diagnose NASH, which is not appropriate for routine screening. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) is under rapid development in many aspects of medicine. Additionally, the application of AI in clinical information may have the potential to diagnose NASH non-invasively. This review summarizes the latest research using AI, specifically machine learning, to facilitate the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of NAFLD. Additionally, according to our prior results, this work proposes future development in this area.

Background: The utilization of immunotherapeutic approaches in the operable settings has demonstrated promising efficacy and safety in preventing postoperative recurrence and improving patients’ survival across various cancer types. To delineate the developmental trajectory and future directions of this specialized field, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis is necessary. Materials and methods: A total of 541 high-quality publications focusing on the convergence of immunotherapy and surgery were manually extracted from 6973 papers published between 2015 and 2024 in the Web of Science Core Collection. Traditional bibliometric analysis was conducted utilizing VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the Bibliometrix R package to identify contributions at national and institutional levels, journal impact, and pivotal keywords. The integration of large language model (LLM)-driven text embeddings alongside BERTopic-based semantic modeling enabled a comprehensive synthesis of themes and illuminated prospective directions within this field. Furthermore, advanced dimensionality reduction techniques such as Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection and t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding were employed to visualize clustering outcomes and interpret the semantic distances among these academic publications. Results: The distribution of publications over time indicated a growing interest in the integration of immunotherapy and surgery. China and the United States were leaders in publication volume and academic influence, while the “ Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer ” stands out as a key resource. Clustering based on LLM-driven embedding vectors identified five categories of papers, the thematic classification of which was presented in a hierarchical structure. Further in-depth analysis revealed the optimal utilization patterns of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vary across different cancer types. Neoadjuvant ICIs are effective for triple negative breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and deficient mismatch repair colon cancer. Adjuvant mRNA vaccines are viable for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and melanoma, while oncolytic virus demonstrate enhanced efficacy alongside manageable toxicity in perioperative settings. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis, which integrates LLM-driven modeling with manual thematic synthesis, has elucidated the developmental trajectory and future directions of the field concerning the combination of immunotherapy and surgery.

Background Metabolic reprogramming, especially lipid metabolism, is crucial in cancer progression and treatment resistance. Apolipoproteins are crucial targets for research as they regulate autophagy, oxidative stress, and chemoresistance. A systematic bibliometric and bioinformatics approach is necessary to identify trends and elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking apolipoproteins to cancer. Methods A systematic bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the Bibliometrix R package were employed to analyze and visualize co-authorship networks, keyword trends, and other key metrics. Bioinformatics analysis integrated protein–protein interaction network construction, hub gene identification, and enrichment analysis using R-based pipelines. Results China has led the international research on apolipoproteins and cancer since 2015. Research has shifted from molecular studies to clinical applications, highlighting the roles of apolipoproteins in cancer risk, progression, and prognosis. Bioinformatic analysis identified key genes represented by APOA1 (apolipoprotein A1), APOE (apolipoprotein E), APOA2 (apolipoprotein A2), and ALB (Albumin) as central regulators in lipid localization, cholesterol metabolism, insulin resistance, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) signaling pathways. Conclusions This study combines bibliometric and bioinformatic approaches to explore apolipoprotein research in cancer. The research trend revealed apolipoproteins with the most research potential in a specific cancer type, as confirmed in the clinical trials. Bioinformatic research found the key genes regulating several essential lipid-related pathways. This article clearly outlined the research landscape and frontiers of this field by combining various databases and methods, highlighting the significant potential of apolipoproteins in the development of novel cancer medications.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are revolutionizing the management of metabolic and liver diseases, demonstrating effectiveness in controlling blood sugar levels and promoting liver repair. Research suggests that they have protective effects on the liver, demonstrating the potential for fibrosis regression and improved survival rates in patients with advanced liver disease. To synthesize recent advancements in the hepatoprotective effects of GLP-1RAs and their underlying mechanisms, we aimed to provide a comprehensive framework for the development of targeted therapeutics. Our data sources included PubMed and Web of Science, with search terms such as “GLP-1RAs,” “liver,” “MASLD,” “HCC,” “inflammatory,” “microbiota,” “metabolism,” and their combinations. We selected reviews, clinical trials, and basic research articles from the past 5 years. GLP-1RAs provide a comprehensive defense against liver damage by exhibiting anti-inflammatory effects and promoting metabolic changes. They significantly modify the immune microenvironment, lower pro-inflammatory cytokines, and prevent the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), thereby helping to reduce fibrogenesis. This immune-metabolic modulation enhances their effectiveness in treating chronic liver conditions such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The combined clinical benefits and mechanistic insights position GLP-1RAs as leaders in addressing glycemic dysregulation and liver diseases, suggesting a transformative approach to the association between metabolic disorders and liver conditions.

Background: Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF), an abnormal connection between the biliary ducts and bronchus, is often caused by liver malignancy, biliary obstructive disease, liver locoregional treatment, or surgery. Although rare, BBF is associated with a high mortality rate in the absence of invasive treatment. Case Description: This report describes a patient with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) who developed a hepatic abscess following repeated radiofrequency ablation (RFA), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), and targeted therapy. The abscess extended transdiaphragmatically, leading to empyema, a lung abscess, and BBF. The patient exhibited high fever and productive cough with bile-like sputum. Computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a liver abscess at the junction of the liver lobes, consolidation of the right middle lobe of the lung, and right-sided pleural effusion. Surgical debridement and diaphragmatic repair were performed after conservative treatment failed. The abscess cavity was closed, drained, and covered with the round ligament and falciform ligament of the liver to eliminate the fistula. The patient recovered well postoperatively, and the drainage tube was removed 1 month later without significant complications. Conclusions: This case highlights a novel, minimally invasive, and effective surgical technique for treating BBF post-RFA, potentially reducing mortality and improving recovery in patients intolerant of extensive thoracoabdominal procedures.