The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer‐reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non‐invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human‐mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data.

O governo brasileiro possui três sistemas oficiais de monitoramento por satélite da supressão da vegetação nativa dos biomas brasileiros, concebidos e executados pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), por meio do Programa de Monitoramento dos Biomas Brasileiros (BiomasBR): 1) o Prodes – Monitoramento Anual da Supressão de Vegetação Nativa; 2) o Deter - Monitoramento Diário da Supressão e Degradação de Vegetação Nativa; e 3) o TerraClass - Monitoramento Sistêmico da Cobertura e Uso da Terra, este em colaboração com a Empresa Brasileira de Agropecuária (EMBRAPA). Neste artigo são apresentadas as principais características de cada um destes sistemas, os resultados mais recentes do monitoramento da vegetação nativa brasileira, as principais políticas públicas baseadas no BiomasBR e o papel do programa no cumprimento dos compromissos climáticos internacionais assumidos pelo país.

Dispersal ability is a key factor in determining a species' realized niche. However, it remains unclear whether dispersal ability directly, indirectly, or neutrally affects environmental specialization and species' tolerance ranges. Here, we investigate whether, and how, dispersal ability shapes both the realized and fundamental niches. Focusing on plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates in the topographically complex Atlantic Rainforest—one of the world's top biodiversity hotspots—we also assess how dispersal ability correlates with species' range shifts in response to climate change. Our findings indicate that high‐dispersal species exhibit broader thermal tolerances compared to low‐dispersal taxa, which are often restricted to higher elevations. Projected across geographic space, these data forecast a concerning scenario for species with limited dispersal abilities—particularly low‐dispersal ectotherms—which are expected to face the highest risks of local extinction, even under the milder climate projections for the end of the 21st century. In contrast, species with broader thermal tolerances and higher dispersal capacities are expected to undergo reduced range shifts in response to climate change, particularly under the milder climate projection. Therefore, while the milder projections already indicate high extinction rates in the highlands, the warmest future scenario exacerbates this trend by predicting a substantial influx of high‐dispersal species moving upslope (and southward) that are also expected to be locally affected by climate change. These upward movements are expected to negatively affect native communities closely tied to the forest's mountaintop ecosystems. Given the rapid habitat conversion affecting this and similar landscapes globally, we emphasize the importance of prioritizing low‐dispersal species in biodiversity management. Our results highlight the critical role of dispersal ability in species' resilience to ongoing climate warming, especially in biodiversity‐rich but threatened regions like the Atlantic Rainforest.

Dispersal ability is a key determinant of the realized species niche. Yet, whether dispersal ability influences environmental specialization and exerts a direct, indirect, or null effect on species' tolerances is still unclear. Here, we ask whether and how dispersal ability can shape both the realized and fundamental niches. Focusing on plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates of the topographically complex Atlantic Rainforest, a top global biodiversity hotspot, we further evaluate how dispersal ability correlates with species range shifts in response to climate change. We find that high-dispersal species have broader thermal tolerances relative to low-dispersal taxa. When projected in geographic space, the data predict widespread upslope range shifts of the Atlantic Rainforest biodiversity with the intensity and direction depending on the species-specific trends depending on dispersal ability. These upslope movements, in turn, may negatively impact the native communities intrinsically associated with the Atlantic Forest mountaintops. Under the warmest climate scenario predicted for the end of the 21st century, the models project that those species with the lowest dispersal ability, particularly low-dispersible ectotherms, will be the most impacted by local extinctions. In turn, the wider thermal tolerance of high-dispersible species will reduce shifts in their geographical range due to climate change. Given the rapid rate of habitat conversion experienced by this and other landscapes worldwide, we argue that the smaller endurance of low-dispersible species to environmental changes deserves special attention, as dispersal ability appears relevant for biodiversity management in a warmer world, especially in threatened species-rich regions such as this.