Isoxazoles and isoxazolines are five-membered heterocyclic molecules containing nitrogen and oxygen. Isoxazole and isoxazoline are the most popular heterocyclic compounds for developing novel drug candidates. Over 80 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardiovascular, and other activities, were reviewed. A review of recent studies on the use of isoxazoles and isoxazolines moiety derivative activities for natural products is presented here, focusing on the parameters that affect the bioactivity of these compounds.

Cucumber seeds are the seeds of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), which include a large number of essential fatty acids, plant sterols, glycosides, volatile oils, as well as Ca, Mg, and other inorganic elements. Cucumber seed oil has good UV absorption effect because it is rich in an unsaturated functional group structure. Plant sterol in cucumber seed oil shows strong permeability toward the skin, which promotes skin metabolism and inhibits skin inflammation. β-sitosterol in plant sterols can also effectively protect the peroxide of low-density lipoprotein, so they have an antioxidant effect. In this study, cucumber seed oil was extracted by the Soxhlet extraction method as plant-based sunscreen, in which cucumber seed oil was used as the main component, and an appropriate amount of titanium dioxide was used as an antioxidant. Taking the settling solvent ratio as the index, the orthogonal experiment was designed to determine the prescription composition of the pure matrix. Then the single factor experiments of cucumber seed oil, titanium dioxide, and vitamin E were carried out. The effects of three components on UV absorption were investigated by orthogonal experiments, and the optimum formula with cucumber seed oil as the main component was finally determined and verified. In conclusion, our plant sunscreen was produced by cucumber seed oil as raw material instead of hormone. There was no harm to the skin. It has the potential to develop plant-based sunscreen with cucumber seed oil and provides a reference for the development of plant sunscreen and skin care products.

Chenopodium album L., as a folkloric herb, is traditionally used to treat poisonous insect bites, vitiligo, and other ailments. However, its impact on thrombosis remains unknown. In this study, we discovered that the ethanol extract of C. album exhibited a remarkable antithrombotic effect using a zebrafish thrombosis model for the first time. Activity evaluation showed that fraction CA-C could improve thrombus aggregation in the caudal vein, increase blood return in the heart, and alleviate the slowing of blood flow compared with those in the model group. Then, analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) identified 58 constituents of CA-C, with most of them belonging to flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroidal saponin components. Moreover, using a comprehensive strategy of network pharmacological analysis, transcriptomic assay, and RT-qPCR validation, we found that CA-C could mediate the TLR’s signaling pathway and its downstream MAPKs and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to exert an antithrombotic effect. This study broadens the clinical application of plant C. album and provides new insight into the chemical profile, pharmacodynamics, and potential mechanisms of CA-C as candidate agents for treating thrombosis.