The worldwide unrestrained emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂) has caused serious environmental pollution and climate change issues. For the sustainable development of human civilization, it is very desirable to convert CO₂ to renewable fuels through clean and economical chemical processes. Recently, electrocatalytic CO₂ conversion is regarded as a prospective pathway for the recycling of carbon resource and the generation of sustainable fuels. In this review, recent research advances in electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction are summarized from both experimental and theoretical aspects. The referred electrocatalysts are divided into different classes, including metal–organic complexes, metals, metal alloys, inorganic metal compounds and carbon‐based metal‐free nanomaterials. Moreover, the selective formation processes of different reductive products, such as formic acid/formate (HCOOH/HCOO⁻), monoxide carbon (CO), formaldehyde (HCHO), methane (CH₄), ethylene (C₂H₄), methanol (CH₃OH), ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH), etc. are introduced in detail, respectively. Owing to the limited energy efficiency, unmanageable selectivity, low stability, and indeterminate mechanisms of electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction, there are still many tough challenges need to be addressed. In view of this, the current research trends to overcome these obstacles in CO₂ electroreduction field are summarized. We expect that this review will provide new insights into the further technique development and practical applications of CO₂ electroreduction.