A growing body of research highlights how communities traumatized by conflict and displacement suffer from long-term mental and psychosocial illnesses. The Russian army’s attack on Ukraine has resulted in an estimated 10 million people being internally or externally displaced from Ukraine, of whom more than 3.8 million have left Ukraine to seek refuge elsewhere in Europe. Soleterre has decided to launch an intervention to provide psychological support to Ukrainian refugees and IDPs, aimed at containing war trauma, assessing the severity of symptoms, and enabling those affected to receive psychological support. The intervention model envisioned the administration of an intake form to provide a rapid collection of qualitative and quantitative information for those arriving in Poland or Lviv from Ukraine. Our results showed how most of the samples reported high or very high levels of anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances. Moreover, results highlighted how being close to families or being able to keep in touch with them work as a protective factor in enhancing resilience, as well as a support network. These findings underscored the importance of re-thinking our perception of “family” in a broader sense, considering the new facets it can take on in post-conflict situations.

Background: There is much discussion in the literature about the link between traumatic events related to war and mental illness. However, in comparison, mental health has been more researched than protective factors such as coping methods, which are the primary factors to build resilience in these circumstances. This review examines the psychological and environmental elements that influence the resilience of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs by analyzing coping strategies and risk and protective factors.Methods: A literature search was conducted on PsycINFO, Pubmed, Scopus, and Science Direct, with 259 articles screened and 13 determined as eligible for inclusion. Inclusion criteria were: (1) studies on adult Ukrainian refugees and/or IDPs; (2) original, peer-reviewed studies; and (3) studies written in English or Italian language. Single-case reports and qualitative studies were excluded, as well as those studies written in any other language, and any studies for which the full-text version could not be obtained (i.e., conference abstracts). Two reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts, reviewed relevant articles’ full text, and extracted the data.Results: A diverse range of individual and socio-environmental risk and protective factors were identified, influencing the resilience of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs, as well as five main categories of coping strategies: emotion-focused strategies, problem-focused strategies, avoidance, faith-based strategies, and the ones based on sense of belonging.Discussion: War trauma and associated stressors can lead to distressing physical and psychological reactions, which persist even after leaving the war zone. Many individual and socio-environmental risk factors, such as mental disorders, financial security, having relatives wounded or displaced, and an unfamiliar environment could influence the risk and severity of psychological difficulties, emphasizing the importance of coping strategies, social connections, faith, and cultural resilience.Conclusion: This systematic review underscores the complex range of coping strategies and factors influencing the resilience of Ukrainian refugees and IDPs. Social connections and inclusive community interventions play vital roles in improving their psychological well-being, while longitudinal studies and culturally sensitive support are needed to address their unique challenges and strengths. Implementing collaborative care models can provide comprehensive support by integrating mental health services with primary healthcare and community-based organizations.

Cancer in adolescence is considered a family disease that can have numerous negative psychological consequences for adolescents and the entire household. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of oncological disease in adolescence, with particular reference to the psychological and post-traumatic consequences for the adolescents themselves and the family system. An explorative case–control study was conducted with 31 adolescents (mean age 18.03 ± 2.799) hospitalised for cancer at IRCCS San Matteo Hospital in Pavia and 47 healthy adolescents (mean age 16.17 ± 2.099). The two samples completed a survey that included sociodemographic information and questionnaires assessing psychological well-being, traumatic effects of the disease, and adequacy of the relationship with parents. 56.7% of oncology adolescents scored below average in psychological well-being, and a small proportion of them fell within the range of clinical concern for anger (9.7%), PTS (12.9%), and dissociation (12.9%). Compared with peers, there were no significant differences. However, in contrast to peers, oncology adolescents showed a strong influence of the traumatic event on the construction of their identity and life perspectives. A significantly positive correlation also emerged between adolescents’ psychological well-being and the relationship with their parents (mothers: r = 0.796; p < 0.01; fathers: r = 0.692; p < 0.01). Our findings highlight how cancer in adolescence could represent a central traumatic event that can shape the identity and life of teenagers who are in an intrinsically delicate and vulnerable stage of life.

Objective Despite the well-documented relationship between emotion dysregulation and both post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder symptoms, no studies investigated this issue in the context of the outbreak. Moreover, additional research investigating the role of mediators intervening in these pathways is required. Dissociation and emotional beliefs are two factors that may explain such relationships. However, a poor number of studies empirically tested their role. Methods A cross-sectional study on a sample of 719 community participants (32.5% males; Mage=34.36, standard deviation=14.38 years) was conducted. Participants fulfilled a battery of self-report questionnaires measuring levels of PTSD outbreak-related symptoms, alcohol use disorder, emotion dysregulation, emotional beliefs, and dissociation. Results Partial r-Pearson correlations showed that PTSD symptoms’ level was positively and significantly related to all variables investigated in the study whereas alcohol use disorder level was positively and significantly associated with emotion dysregulation and only some dimension of emotional beliefs and dissociation. Results drawn from a structural equation model highlight the mediating role of both emotional belief and dissociation in the relationship linking emotion dysregulation and alcohol use disorder whereas only dissociation, but not emotional beliefs, mediated the link between emotion dysregulation and PTSD symptoms. Conclusion Most of the hypotheses have been supported stressing the relevance of both dissociation and emotional beliefs in PTSD and alcohol use disorder symptoms. These two variables appear important framework from which deepen the impact of emotion dysregulation in psychopathology.

Background: A paediatric cancer diagnosis is a profound stressor for the entire family system. Although coping strategies are well-studied, their link to the quality of the parent–child attachment relationship remains less explored. In this study, we investigated whether dyadic attachment dynamics—specifically closeness and conflict between parent and child—are associated with the use of adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies in caregivers of children undergoing active treatment for oncohaematological diseases. Methods: We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional study across three Italian paediatric oncohaematology centres. A total of 165 caregivers of 91 paediatric patients aged 3–17 years completed self-report measures assessing parent–child relationship quality (Child–Parent Relationship Scale-CPRS), coping strategies (COPE-NVI), perceived social support (MSPSS), and resilience (RS-14). We tested whether the quality of the parent–child attachment relationship is associated with caregivers’ coping strategies. We hypothesised that Attachment Closeness would be associated with adaptive coping (Positive Attitude, Social Support, Problem Orientation), whereas Attachment Conflict would be associated with maladaptive coping (Avoidance). We conducted multiple linear regression models, adjusted for key covariates and with robust standard errors clustered at the family level, to test these hypotheses. Results: Higher levels of emotional closeness (CPRS) were significantly associated with greater use of adaptive coping strategies, specifically Positive Attitude (β = 0.20, p = 0.049) and Problem Orientation (β = 0.26, p = 0.002), even after controlling for sociodemographic factors, social support, and resilience. Conversely, higher levels of relational conflict were significantly associated with greater use of the maladaptive Avoidance strategy (β = 0.14, p = 0.015). The hypothesis linking closeness to Social Support seeking was not supported. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the parent–child attachment relationship is a significant correlate of caregiver coping strategies in caregivers of children with cancer. Interventions aimed at supporting the caregiver–child dyad by fostering emotional closeness and reducing conflict may promote more adaptive parental coping mechanisms, thereby enhancing family resilience and psychological adjustment throughout the treatment journey.

Background: A paediatric cancer diagnosis is a profound stressor for the entire family system. While coping strategies are well-studied, their link to the quality of the parent-child attachment relationship remains less explored. This study investigates whether dyadic attachment dynamics — specifically closeness and conflict between parent and child — are associated with the use of adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies in caregivers of children undergoing active treatment for oncohaematological diseases. Methods: A multicentre, cross-sectional study was conducted across three Italian paediatric oncohaematology centres. A total of 165 caregivers of 91 paediatric patients completed self-report measures assessing parent-child relationship quality (Child-Parent Relationship Scale - CPRS), coping strategies (COPE-NVI), perceived social support (MSPSS), and resilience (RS-14). The study aimed to test whether the quality of the parent–child attachment relationship is associated with caregivers’ coping strategies. We hypothesised that Attachment Closeness would be associated with adaptive coping (Positive Attitude, Social Support, Problem Orientation), whereas Attachment Conflict would be associated with maladaptive coping (Avoidance). Hierarchical multiple linear regressions, adjusted for key covariates and clustered by centre, were conducted to test these hypotheses. Results: Higher levels of emotional closeness (CPRS) were significantly associated with greater use of adaptive coping strategies, specifically Positive Attitude (β = 0.20, p = 0.049) and Problem Orientation (β = 0.26, p = 0.002), even after controlling for sociodemographic factors, social support, and resilience. Conversely, higher levels of relational conflict were significantly associated with greater use of the maladaptive Avoidance strategy (β = 0.14, p = 0.015). The hypothesis linking closeness to Social Support seeking was not supported. Conclusions: The quality of the parent-child attachment is significantly and independently associated with coping styles in caregivers of children with cancer. Interventions aimed at supporting the caregiver–child dyad by fostering emotional closeness and reducing conflict may promote more adaptive parental coping mechanisms, thereby enhancing family resilience and psychological adjustment throughout the treatment journey.