Understanding the reliability of jump testing is essential to determine the neuromuscular progress of athletes and make informed decisions. This study aimed to assess the reliability of several countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) test metrics in female volleyball players. Sixteen (n = 16) semi-professional female volleyball players participated in this test-retest study. Intrasession and intersession reliability of CMJ and DJ metrics were evaluated using a randomized cross-over design. A dual force platform was used to collect CMJ and DJ data, and several dependent variables were calculated using forward dynamics. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CV), and minimum difference (MD) were calculated to assess intra- and interday reliability. During the same testing, the third attempt consistently yielded the highest values for both tests in jump height but presented excellent reliability (CMJ: ICC [95%CI] = 0.97 [0.93–0.99]; CV [95%CI] = 4.1% [1.2–7.0]; MD95 = 3.5 cm; MD90 = 2.9 cm; DJ: ICC [95%CI] = 0.91 [0.77–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 6.7% [1.9–11.5]; MD95 = 6.0 cm; MD90 = 5.0 cm). CMJ height exhibited excellent reliability between sessions (ICC [95%CI] = 0.93 [0.81–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 3.8% [1.1–6.4]; MD95 = 3.5 cm; MD90 = 3.0 cm), whereas DJ height demonstrated slightly lower but still acceptable intersession reliability (ICC [95%CI] = 0.81 [0.55–0.93]; CV [95%CI] = 6.1% [1.7–10.4]; MD95 = 5.2 cm; MD90 = 4.4 cm). Intersession reliability for CMJ kinetics and kinematics was excellent for 13 of the 24 metrics assessed. For DJ, only concentric (ICC [95%CI] = 0.91 [0.76–0.97]; CV [95%CI] = 3.0% [0.9–5.2]; MD95 = 15 Ns; MD90 = 12.6 Ns) and eccentric impulses (ICC [95%CI] = 0.99 [0.96–0.99]; CV [95%CI] = 1.7% [0.5–2.9]; MD95 = 9.2 Ns; MD90 = 7.7 Ns) demonstrated excellent intersession reliability. Most CMJ variables showed excellent reliability within sessions, while DJ had lower reliability in most metrics. These findings provide valuable information to physical trainers to select the metrics to assess athletes’ performance as well as to identify a minimum cut-off value that serves as a reference for each of the metrics reported in both tests.

Understanding the reliability and sensitivity of jump testing is essential to determine the neuromuscular progress of athletes and make informed decisions. This study aimed to assess the reliability and sensitivity of countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump (DJ) tests metrics in female volleyball players. Sixteen semi-professional female volleyball players participated in the study. Intrasession and intersession reliability of CMJ and DJ metrics were evaluated using a randomized cross-over design. Dual force platform was used to collect data, and several dependent variables were calculated using forward dynamics. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CV) and minimum difference (MD) were calculated. The third attempt presented the highest values for both test, and changes in jump strategy in DJ. CMJ is consistent across sessions, while DJ also shows intersession differences (p<0.05) in 11 out of 15 variables. Most CMJ variables exhibit excellent reliability while DJ variables have lower reliability and higher variability. Concentric and eccentric impulses for DJ showed excellent reliability. Most CMJ variables showed excellent reliability and variability, DJ had lower reliability, higher variability, and lower sensitivity. These findings provide valuable information when assessing athletes' performance and highlight the reliability, sensitivity, and variability in jump performance for CMJ and DJ tests.

Interventions based on improving athletes’ adaptive capacity to game environment conditions have been widely developed in sports science. The objective of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature on interventions and applications, from an ecological perspective, for the tactical performance of volleyball players. A systematic search was conducted in five electronic scientific databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines: Web of Science (WOS), PubMed (Medline), Scopus, SportDiscus and Google Scholar. A total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria, all published after 2014. The risk of bias and main characteristics of the articles in different contexts were assessed. Particular attention was paid to recording data related to the characteristics of manipulation or the timing of the intervention. The results showed that these approaches influenced tactical variables in volleyball game situations. In this sense, short-session interventions with small-sided games and modifications of structural elements aid athletes’ self-regulation in different environments. Furthermore, results show that this approach allows for improvements in individual and collective tactical behavior. Based on the data analyzed, we recommend the use of ecological tasks, based on representative and modified practices that promote player adaptation, as a methodological tool in the volleyball training process.

El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer los niveles de actividad física y satisfacción de las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en adolescentes de la Comarca de Extrema Siberia. Además de analizar las diferencias en la función sexual, así como analizar la relación entre los niveles de actividad física, la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y el sexo. La muestra estuvo realizada por 204 sujetos (92 hombres, 112 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 16 años. Para analizar el nivel de actividad física se utilizó el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Niveles de Actividad Física (APALQ) y la escala de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en Educación Física (BPN-PE), para evaluar las necesidades psicológicas básicas. Los resultados mostraron unos niveles de actividad física (nivel moderadamente activo, muy cercano al nivel sedentario) y necesidades psicológicas básicas que no eran muy elevadas. Respecto al sexo, se observó que las mujeres presentaron un nivel de actividad física sedentaria en comparación con el nivel moderadamente activo del sexo masculino. En concreto, se encontrarán diferencias significativas en los niveles de actividad física y competencia en relación al sexo. Por tanto, el sexo masculino se siente más competente y realiza mayores niveles de actividad física que el sexo femenino. Además, se observó cómo se relacionaban entre sí el sexo, la actividad física y la satisfacción de necesidades psicológicas básicas. Destacando la correlación positiva y significativa entre sexo y competencia, niveles de actividad física y competencia, y sexo con niveles de actividad física. Palabras clave: Ejercicio, Educación Física, adolescentes, motivación. The aim of the research was to find out the levels of physical activity and satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs in adolescents from the Siberia region of Extremadura, to analyse the differences according to sex, as well as to analyse the relationship between levels of physical activity, satisfaction of basic psychological needs and sex. The sample consisted of 204 subjects (92 boys, 112 girls) aged between 10 and 16 years. The Assessment of Physical Activity Levels Questionnaire (APALQ) and the Basic Psychological Needs in Physical Education (BPN-PE) scale were used to assess basic psychological needs. The results showed levels of physical activity (moderately active level, very close to sedentary level) and basic psychological needs that were not very high. By gender, it was observed that girls had a sedentary level of physical activity compared to the moderately active level of boys. Specifically, significant differences were found in the levels of physical activity and competence according to gender. Thus, the male sex felt more competent and performed higher levels of physical activity than the female sex. Furthermore, it was observed that gender, physical activity and satisfaction of basic psychological needs were related to each other. The positive and significant correlation between gender and competence, physical activity levels and competence, and gender and physical activity levels was found to be significant. Keywords: Exercise, Physical Education, adolescents, motivation

Constraint manipulation within representative practice environments may shape players’ behavioral organization. This study examined pre–post changes in blocking behavior following a participation-rule manipulation designed according to the Constraints-Led Approach (CLA) to increase the functional responsibility of the wing blocker during attacks from the outside zones and explored whether these changes differed according to competitive level. Forty-six female U18 volleyball players (16.59 ± 0.88 years) from four Spanish clubs participated in three 6 vs. 6 game situations: pre-manipulation, manipulation, in which the middle blocker was prevented from assisting the wing blocker against attacks from the outside zones, and post-manipulation. Block–ball contact increased overall (Holm-adjusted p < 0.003, Cramer’s V = 0.19), and the distribution of functional outcomes also changed overall (Holm-adjusted p = 0.012, V = 0.18). Decision-making appropriateness showed a significant overall association (Holm-adjusted p = 0.048, V = 0.09). Exploratory within-division analyses showed category-specific changes in functional outcomes. Findings indicate short-term pre–post changes in some blocking dimensions, with small effect sizes. The manipulation may provide a useful task-design strategy for emphasizing wing-blocker responsibility, although further controlled research is required.