Plants have the capacity to fix CO₂ through photosynthesis. To reveal the photosynthetic processes of Quercus acutissima Carruth. and Quercus variabilis Bl., their net photosynthetic rates were quantified during the early and peak growing seasons. To evaluate forest photosynthetic efficiencies, the photosynthetic light response curves of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis were fitted by the rectangular hyperbola model (RHM), non-rectangular hyperbola model (NHM), and modified rectangular hyperbola model (Ye model). The results revealed the following: (1) All daily variation curves of the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductivity, and transpiration rate were single-peaked. The peak times of the Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis’ net photosynthetic rates appeared at 12:00 am during the early growing season and 10:00 am during the peak growing season. (2) The photosynthetic capacities of both Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis during peak growing seasons were higher than during the early growing season. (3) The net photosynthetic rate was found to be positively correlated with stomatal conductivity, the transpiration rate, and photosynthetically active radiation, and it was negatively correlated with the intercellular CO₂ concentration. (4) The Ye model provided the best fit for the light response curves of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis when compared with the rectangular hyperbola and nonrectangular hyperbola models. The photosynthetic performance of Q. acutissima was superior to that of Q. variabilis; thus, it can be employed as a priority tree species in carbon sink forests.