Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), especially when complicated with pre-eclampsia (PE), could be a life-threatening complication of pregnancy. Pre-eclampsia is one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality in women. Pre-eclampsia is mainly characterized by hypertension and kidney damage with proteinuria. Abnormal placentation and altered structure of the placental barrier are believed to participate in the pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced hypertension, leading to PE. In the current study, we aimed to analyze the immunohistochemical expression pattern of E-cadherin and p120, two markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, in placental samples derived from a group of 55 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension, including pre-eclampsia and 37 healthy pregnant controls. The results were correlated with the presence of an obtained early uterine artery flow notching during diastole on Doppler ultrasound. We observed a higher frequency of discontinuous E-cadherin staining in the basement membrane of syncytiotrophoblast in patients with PIH/PE compared to controls (p < 0.001, Fisher’s exact test). Moreover, the loss of continuity of E-cadherin expression correlated with the presence of a bilateral early diastolic notch on Doppler ultrasound (p < 0.001, Fisher’s exact test) and the presence of proteinuria (p = 0.013, Fisher’s exact test). These findings suggest that E-cadherin contributes to the integrity of the placental barrier, and its loss could be an immunohistochemical marker of PE.

The aim of this review is to specify new potential reliable and non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) that could shorten the way to diagnose BA, and finally the surgical treatment. Apart from the biomarkers that have been proven helpful and are used nowadays in neonatal wards, there are several new potential biomarkers that researchers have found to be helpful in the diagnosis of biliary atresia. Circulating microRNAs, matrix metalloproteinase-7, stool proteins, interleukin-33, Th17-associated cytokines, urinary metabolomics, anti-smooth muscle antibodies, heat shock proteins 90 and positive biliary epithelial cells CD56 are among those presented in this summary. These markers may play a new significant role in BA diagnosis. The described methods include Nomogram, Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), Stool proteins, Interleukin-33 (IL-33), Th17-associated cytokines, Alpha-aminoadipic acid and N-acetyl-d-mannosamine in urine, Anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA), Heat shock proteins 90 (HSP90), Positive biliary epithelial cells CD56.