By natural process, the world population will in-crease day by day. In rhythm, the tendency of the food will also be rising. So, it is a great challenge to supply food and increase its availability for the huge amount of people of the world, which helps to fulfill their fundamental civil rights. Nowadays, many agriculturedependent countries are fully dependent on the orthodox agriculture process. To develop such types of conditions, people should attract to modern cultivation practices. In the modern era, the Internet of things (IoT) is an optimal solution for preventing such types of challenges. IoT can connect with neoteric agriculture technology. Byusing this technique, farmers can directly connect themselves and control their felds and monitor their feld environmental conditions from anywhere around the world. By the use of unique forms of sensors, models, strategies, and technologies farmers can collect much real-time information and it helps a bearer to increase his productivity of farming. The goal of this paper is to reconsider some very recent works on smart and prompt agriculture processes. In this review paper, we have spoken about the techniques, and methodologies and summarized the state-of-the-art literature. We also made a comprehensive discussion and profound analysis of those recent works. Finally, we have given some future suggestions about smart farming techniques based on our discussion and analysis. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 8, Dec 2021 P 7-16

To improve crop forecasting and provide farmers with actionable data-driven insights, we propose a novel approach integrating IoT, machine learning, and blockchain technologies. Using IoT, real-time data from sensor networks continuously monitor environmental conditions and soil nutrient levels, significantly improving our understanding of crop growth dynamics. Our study demonstrates the exceptional accuracy of the Random Forest model, achieving a 99.45\% accuracy rate in predicting optimal crop types and yields, thereby offering precise crop projections and customized recommendations. To ensure the security and integrity of the sensor data used for these forecasts, we integrate the Ethereum blockchain, which provides a robust and secure platform. This ensures that the forecasted data remain tamper-proof and reliable. Stakeholders can access real-time and historical crop projections through an intuitive online interface, enhancing transparency and facilitating informed decision-making. By presenting multiple predicted crop scenarios, our system enables farmers to optimize production strategies effectively. This integrated approach promises significant advances in precision agriculture, making crop forecasting more accurate, secure, and user-friendly.