This study aimed to evaluate the effects of peanut varieties cultivated in Morocco (Virginia and Valencia) and extraction methods (cold press, CP; Soxhlet, Sox and maceration, and Mac) on the fatty acid profile, phytosterol, and tocopherol contents, quality characteristics, and antioxidant potential of peanut seed oil. The DPPH method was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the oils. The results revealed that fatty acid content was slightly affected by the extraction technique. However, the CP method was shown to be an excellent approach for extracting oil with desirable quality features compared to the Sox and Mac methods. Furthermore, the peanut oil extracted via CP carried a higher amount of bioactive compounds and exhibited remarkable antioxidant activities. The findings also revealed higher oleic acid levels from the Virginia oil, ranging from 56.46% to 56.99%. Besides, a higher total phytosterol and tocopherol content and DPPH scavenging capacity were obtained from the Valencia oil. Analyzing the study, it can be inferred that extraction method and variety both affect the composition of the peanut oil’s bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. This information is relevant for extracting peanut oil with a greater level of compounds of industrial interest.

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) was obtained during the extraction of olive oil. It is typified by an elevated concentration of sugars, acids, proteins, polyphenols, and organic matter. This makes the removal of OMW problematic for all olive oil-producing countries. Due to their high concentration in polyphenols, these wastewaters are a source of danger to the environment. This research aimed to study the spatial distribution effect in terms of geographical origin production of olive oil on the phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of the OMWs. A chemometric approach using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was utilized. Physico-chemical characterization of OMWs was performed to evaluate their pollutant load by setting the following parameters: pH, dry matter, conductivity, and chemical oxygen demand. Quantitative analysis of the phenolic compounds shows that the extract of all samples had a high content of phenolics varying from 238.26 ± 5.67 to 534.16 ± 3.83 mg GAE/g of extract, flavonoids varying from 179.89 ± 1.64 to 421.47 ± 3.42 mg QE/g of extract, and tannins varying from 101.66 ± 0.65 to 216.28 ± 3.41 mg CE/g of extract. Antioxidant activity was determined by two testing systems: DPPH and ABTS assay. The IC₅₀ DPPH varied from 0.30 ± 0.08 to 1.93 ± 0.34 µg/mL, while it varied between 2.04 ± 0.16 and 6.11 ± 0.25 µg/mL for the IC₅₀ ABTS method. The principal component analysis indicated that the two methods DPPH and ABTS are strongly correlated. Furthermore, important correlations were shown by the principal component analysis (PCA) on the one hand between the phenolic compounds and on other hand between their antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS).

The argan tree is a versatile forest tree (silviculture-fruit-forestry) of great importance for the country both in biological, phytogenetic and ecological biodiversity as well as in economic and social aspects. It has significant medicinal and therapeutic potential. The present study concentrated on saccharide-containing molecules, particularly saponins, for their medicinal properties. Butanol was used to fractionate phytochemical groups from different parts of Argania spinosa (branch, leaf, pulp, shell and seed), which were subsequently precipitated in ether. It was found that solvent fractionation increased the total saponin amount according to the colorimetric test using vanillin and sulfuric acid. The butanol fraction of the argan shell and its precipitate showed the highest levels of triterpene saponins compared to the rest of the plant parts studied. The samples showed antioxidant capacity by DPPH versus ascorbic acid (IC50 = 1.92 µg/mL) and by ABTS using the similar standard (IC50 = 11.31 µg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the samples was significantly improved from the crude shell extract (IC50 = 5.85 µg/mL) to its butanolic fraction (IC50 = 2.94 µg/mL) and its precipitate (IC50 = 1.57 µg/mL) using 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl. Indeed, the ABTS test, showed similarity to the core results. Also, the solid disc diffusion method was used to highlight the antimicrobial activity of extracts from different parts of the Argania spinosa plant. The EtOH 70% and Aqueous leaf extracts exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, resulting in an inhibition zone of approximately 13 mm against the growth of Staphylococcus saprophyticus. On the other hand, the extract of saponin filtrate from the pulp part of the plant displayed the lowest antibacterial activity, with an inhibition zone of 9 mm. All studied types of saponin extract from different parts of the plant do not contribute to any antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea.

In this study, Asphodelus tenuifolius (ATO) seeds oils were extracted by three different extraction methods, namely Soxhlet extraction (SE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). The physicochemical properties, fatty acids, sterols, tocols, total phenol content and antioxidant activity of ATO seed were examined and compared. The best extraction yield was from SE (21.97 ± 0.01%), followed by MAE (19.28 ± 0.13%) while that of UAE was the lowest (16.5 ± 0.1%). Analysis of the chemical composition of these oils showed that linoleic acid and β-sitosterol were the main fatty acid and sterol compounds, respectively. A large amount of fatty acids and sterols were not significantly affected by the three extraction methods. Nevertheless, the tocols, the total phenols contents and the antioxidant power showed a variation between these three extracted oils. Based on these results, it was found that this specie has great potential for industrial use.

Two solvents, n-hexane and ethyl acetate, were employed to extract oil from Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav. seeds using the Soxhlet extraction technique. The process was optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). ANOVA and a second-order polynomial equation were applied to evaluate the effects of key operational factors, including extraction time (20–60 min) and solvent-to-solid ratio (0.2–0.6 g/mL), on oil yield. The physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and functional groups of the extracted oil were analyzed. While both solvents influenced oil yield and quality, the fatty acid composition remained consistent, with unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid, identified as the main components. Under optimized conditions, the highest oil yields were 22% with n-hexane and 19.91% with ethyl acetate. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of ester groups, suggesting potential applications in biodiesel production. These findings offer valuable insights for producing oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids for food, cosmetic and renewable energy industries. These findings pave the way for further advancements in industrial applications by promoting the sustainable use of plant-derived oils.