The existing literature on the influencing factors of carbon emissions ignores the relationship between financial agglomeration and carbon emissions. Based on the analysis of the emission reduction history of major countries, this paper mainly uses the provincial-level data of China from 2002 to 2018 to explore the impact of financial agglomeration on carbon emissions. The conclusions are as follows: (1) China lacks carbon tax policies; there are many drawbacks in the carbon trading market, and a “bottom-up” voluntary emission reduction mechanism has not been formed. (2) China’s carbon emissions and financial development are characterized by spatial agglomeration. (3) Financial agglomeration can reduce carbon emissions. In central China, the low-carbon region, and the pilot regions for carbon trading, financial agglomeration has a greater impact on reducing emissions. (4) Financial agglomeration can reduce emissions by reducing the proportion of the secondary industry and increasing the proportion of the third industry. (5) Financial agglomeration can still lower carbon emissions when the spacing effect is taken into account. Finally, according to the conclusion, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions to help China reduce carbon emissions.

The external impact of a student's closeness to parents on peers' academic performance has not been extensively explored in the existing literature. This paper will attempt to provide evidence on the externality of parent-child relationships at present, particularly on how individual parent-child relationships affect peers' academic performance through social pathways or other mechanisms. This study uses data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) conducted in 2013-14. To address selection bias, the sample is limited to schools that meet randomly-assigned conditions. The study finds that peers' parent-child relationships have a positive impact on a student's test scores in mathematics and Chinese. Psychological factors play an important role in mediating the total effect. This study represents a pioneering empirical investigation in mainland China that sheds light on the spillover effect of peers' parent-child relationships and the underlying mechanisms.

This article uses survey data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS2015) to test whether the educational level across three generations are transmitted within families and whether number of grandparents’ children influences these intergenerational transmissions in China. We obtain evidences that the educational level across three generations is transmitted within families, grandparents’ education has a direct and indirect effect on grandchildren’s education. After rigorous robustness tests, the results remain still valid. Educational intergenerational transmission from grandparents to grandchildren is partly explained by parental education. By gender heterogeneity analysis, we find there are son preferences on education three-generational transmission in China. Our results also show that number of grandparents’ children reduces educational association between grandparents and grandchildren. These findings show that different family structures have led to different educational transmission trajectories for families across multi-generation, which is an important factor giving rise to education inequality. This finding not only provides a new explanation for the complexity of family educational transmission mechanisms but also offers an important variable consideration for understanding the roots and persistence of educational inequality. Understanding how the number of grandparents’ children affects educational transmission provides insight into the mechanisms behind the formation of educational inequality and offers theoretical support for improving the equitable distribution of educational resources.