At this time, many illegal activities are being been carried out, such as illegal mining, hunting, logging, and forest burning. These things can have a substantial negative impact on the environment. These illegal activities are increasingly rampant because of the limited number of officers and the high cost required to monitor them. One possible solution is to create a surveillance system that utilizes artificial intelligence to monitor the area. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and NVIDIA Jetson modules (general-purpose GPUs) can be inexpensive and efficient because they use few resources. The problem from the object-detection field utilizing the drone’s perspective is that the objects are relatively small compared to the observation space, and there are also illumination and environmental challenges. In this study, we will demonstrate the use of the state-of-the-art object-detection method you only look once (YOLO) v5 using a dataset of visual images taken from a UAV (RGB-image), along with thermal infrared information (TIR), to find poachers. There are seven scenario training methods that we have employed in this research with RGB and thermal infrared data to find the best model that we will deploy on the Jetson Nano module later. The experimental result shows that a new model with pre-trained model transfer learning from the MS COCO dataset can improve YOLOv5 to detect the human–object in the RGBT image dataset.

YOLO (You-Only-Look-Once) is a deep learning-based one-stage detection method that has been widely used and achieved great success in image classification and localization. As the state-of-the-art method, YOLO has been upgraded to version 5. This paper proposes a new approach to using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) within a YOLOv5 framework for human object detection applied in the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) perspective image dataset. The dataset has challenges, such as a small target, the view of the object is from above, and there is an illumination and light effect. To comply with this challenge, we will utilize the dataset of visual images taken from a UAV (RGB-image) along with Thermal Infrared (TIR) information. GA is used for optimizing the Hyperparameter, which is one of the critical factors in determining the model’s performance. Based on our numerical experiments, we found that this YOLOv5-based transfer learning method using RGB-TIR dataset and optimized by GA can achieve higher accuracy compared with the original YOLOv5 for Human Detection on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Perspective. The objective of this research is to create a surveillance system that will be used to monitor a wide area using autonomous UAVs that can exchange information with each other. In the end, the solution from this research can help related parties in tackling the problem of illegal activities with limited human resources.

Smart Farming (SF) has garnered interest from computer science researchers for its potential to address challenges in Smart Farming and Precision Agriculture (PA). This systematic review explores the application of Fuzzy Logic (FL) in these areas. Using a specific anonymous search method across five scientific web indexing databases, we identified relevant scholarly articles published from 2017 to 2024, assessed through the PRISMA methodology. Out of 830 selected papers, the review revealed four gaps in using FL to manage imprecise data in Smart Farming. This review provides valuable insights into FL for potential applications and areas needing further investigation in SF.