Advanced driving assistance systems (ADASs) play a vital role in the safety of transportation. The detection of lane markings is a very important part of ADASs. For the safety of autonomous vehicles and vehicles driven by human drivers, accurate detection results are necessary. In this study, the authors propose a novel algorithm based on lane structural analysis and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for lane marking detection. First, a pre‐processing stage is used to remove the pavement that constitutes the background of the lane markings. Next, a set of local waveforms from local images is used to generate a region of interest and a CNN classifier is employed to detect lane marking candidates. Finally, a lane geometry analysis stage determines whether or not the candidate is a part of a lane marking. The major contributions of this study can be summarised as follows. First, they propose a novel method to describe a road using waveforms. Second, they analyse the local and global characteristics of the road geometry to detect the lane markings. Third, they provide an effective method to obtain training data for the proposed machine learning method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods.

To boost a detector for single-frame 3D object detection, we present a new approach to train it to simulate features and responses following a detector trained on multi-frame point clouds. Our approach needs multi-frame point clouds only when training the single-frame detector, and once trained, it can detect objects with only single-frame point clouds as inputs during the inference. For this purpose, we design a novel Simulated Multi-Frame Single-Stage object Detector (SMF-SSD) framework: multi-view dense object fusion to densify ground-truth objects to generate a multi-frame point cloud; self-attention voxel distillation to facilitate one-to-many knowledge transfer from multi- to single-frame voxels; multi-scale BEV feature distillation to transfer knowledge in low-level spatial and high-level semantic BEV features; and adaptive response distillation to activate single-frame responses of high confidence and accurate localization. Experimental results on the Waymo test set show that our SMF-SSD consistently outperforms all state-of-the-art single-frame 3D object detectors for all object classes of difficulty levels 1 and 2 in terms of both mAP and mAPH.