Photosensitive resins used in three-dimensional (3D) printing are characterized by high forming precision and fast processing speed; however, they often possess poor mechanical properties and heat resistance. In this study, we report a photocurable bismaleimide ink with excellent comprehensive performance for stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing. First, the main chain of bismaleimide with an amino group (BDM) was synthesized, and then, the glycidyl methacrylate was grafted to the amino group to obtain the bismaleimide oligomer with an unsaturated double bond. The oligomers were combined with reaction diluents and photo-initiators to form photocurable inks that can be used for SLA 3D printing. The viscosity and curing behavior of the inks were studied, and the mechanical properties and heat resistance were tested. The tensile strength of 3D-printed samples based on BDM inks could reach 72.6 MPa (166% of that of commercial inks), glass transition temperature could reach 155 °C (205% of that of commercial inks), and energy storage modulus was 3625 MPa at 35 °C (327% of that of commercial inks). The maximum values of T_-5%, T_-50%, and T_max of the 3D samples printed by BDM inks reached 351.5, 449.6, and 451.9 °C, respectively. These photocured BDM inks can be used to produce complex structural components and models with excellent mechanical and thermal properties, such as car parts, building models, and pipes.