Olaf Müller

Dr. Olaf Müller

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Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

24Years (2003-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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1 May 2023 in Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik
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Journal Article
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DPDetlef Pollack
Detlef Pollack
SDSarah Demmrich
Sarah Demmrich
OMOlaf Müller
Olaf Müller
Processes of secularisation are taking place in many regions of the world, especially in the countries of Western Europe as well as in Canada, New Zealand, Australia, South Korea and Japan, but also in Iran and in some North African countries, and recently even in the United States, which had been thought to be particularly religious (Arab Barometer 2019a, b; Inglehart 2021; Pollack and Rosta 2017; Reader 2012; Voas and Chaves 2016). But the decreasing social relevance of religion, reflected in the decline both of religious beliefs and practices, and of membership of religious communities, is not unilinear. Alongside and running counter to these secularising tendencies are also movements of religious self-assertion that can be seen across the world. The most visible tendencies for European observers are perhaps those of radical Islamism, with its claim to superiority over secular interpretations of the world, its bizarre forms of social exclusion, and its transgression of boundaries, which can even entail violence. We read almost every day reports in the media about the use of violence against women in Iran who have allegedly violated the dress code enforced by the morality police, about the legal persecution of homosexuals in the United Arab Emirates, and about the exclusion of women from work and higher levels of education in Afghanistan. There are frequent protests. In Iran, thousands of women (and men) have been taking to the streets for months under the slogan "Woman, Life, Freedom" to protest against the Mullah regime. In Afghanistan, many women are undermining the Taliban's prohibitions and its attempts to close schools and stop women from studying by secretly meeting to study and teach children. Some even dare to fight back publicly, with the Taliban responding with violence, firing their Kalashnikovs in the air and using water cannons.

22 March 2022 in Zeitschrift für Religion, Gesellschaft und Politik
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Journal Article
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OMOlaf Müller
Olaf Müller
DPDetlef Pollack
Detlef Pollack
Zusammenfassung: Der Beitrag fragt danach, wie sich die religiöse Landschaft in Deutschland heute gestaltet und in welcher Beziehung sie zu anderen Bereichen des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens steht. Dabei richtet sich der Blick sowohl auf allgemeine und übergreifende Tendenzen und Muster als auch auf Aspekte, die unterschiedliche soziale Gruppen voneinander trennen. Nach einem kurzen geschichtlichen Abriss wird die aktuelle Situation und Entwicklung des religiösen Feldes anhand ausgewählter Befunde aus dem Religionsmonitor dargestellt. Neben der Differenzierung zwischen dem Gebiet der „alten“ Bundesrepublik und dem der ehemaligen DDR steht hierbei der Vergleich der gesellschaftlich bedeutendsten religiösen bzw. weltanschaulichen Gruppierungen im Mittelpunkt. Schließlich wird analysiert, inwieweit sich die Gruppen im Hinblick auf ausgewählte gesellschaftliche und politische Einstellungen und Orientierungen unterscheiden. Mit Blick auf die Rolle der Religion in der Gesellschaft und ihre Bedeutung für die Bevölkerung verläuft innerhalb Deutschlands nach wie vor eine entscheidende Trennlinie zwischen dem weitgehend säkularisierten „Osten“ und dem noch immer vergleichsweise stark konfessionell-religiös geprägten „Westen“. Innerreligiöse Differenzen lassen sich hauptsächlich zwischen den christlich geprägten Bevölkerungsteilen auf der einen und der muslimischen Minderheit auf der anderen Seite ausmachen. Hinsichtlich der Frage, inwieweit Religion auch in andere Wertebereiche hineinwirkt und welche Rolle sie in diesem Zusammenhang für Aspekte des sozialen Zusammenhalts spielt, fällt das Ergebnis ambivalent aus: In Bezug auf die Zustimmung zur Legitimität der Demokratie konnten wir kaum Differenzen zwischen den Religionen ausmachen, wohl aber zwischen verschiedenen Typen von Religiosität. Einstellungen zu Geschlechterrollen und zur gleichgeschlechtlichen Ehe differieren dagegen auch in Abhängigkeit von der religiösen Zugehörigkeit. Stärkere Vorbehalte gegenüber liberalen geschlechterspezifischen Haltungen lassen sich vor allem bei Befragten muslimischen Glaubens feststellen, wobei sich über die Generationen hinweg eine Annäherung an die anderen Gruppen feststellen lässt.

19 December 2024 in Sociology of Religion
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Journal Article
Closed access
DPDetlef Pollack
Detlef Pollack
OMOlaf Müller
Olaf Müller
SDSarah Demmrich
Sarah Demmrich
Muslims in Europe face reservations due to the association of Islam with fundamentalism and extremism. Our study aims to use a new concept of fundamentalism and new data to identify factors that correlate with fundamentalism, and to investigate how far these attitudes are associated with the acceptance of violence. Fundamentalism is defined as an attitude characterized by the claim to exclusive truth, to superiority over all other positions, to the universal validity of the exclusive truth, and to the transformation of the world according to the yardstick of this truth. Empirical analyses show that feelings of disadvantage and exclusion as well as traditional religious ties contribute to fundamentalism, while integration indicators play only a subordinate role. Additionally, social structure seems partially decoupled from feelings of disadvantage among Muslims scoring high on fundamentalism. Although correlated with fundamentalism, acceptance of violence could not be identified as an inherent component of fundamentalism.


26 October 2022 in Religions
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Journal Article
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OMOlaf Müller
Olaf Müller
CPChiara Porada
Chiara Porada
The increase in the number of people who do not belong to any religion (“nones”) has long been observed in many societies in the Northern hemisphere. This process is already well advanced in East Germany, where the proportion of “stable nones”, i.e., those who grew up without any ties to religion from childhood onwards, has become particularly large and will most likely form the majority in the near future. Given the sociocultural relevance of this group, it is worth taking a closer look at them. In this paper, we examine how far they differ in terms of their familial religious conditions of origin and their present-day religiosity from the nones who still grew up in a religious-denominational tradition (“leavers”), and also from those who still have ties to a denomination (“affiliates”). Finally, we discuss the consequences for the future development of the religious field that arise from the fact that the group of “stable nones” will constitute the majority.

24 February 2018
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Book Chapter
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OMOlaf Müller
Olaf Müller
GPGert Pickel
Gert Pickel