The Ag/g-C ₃ N ₄ catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance for the degradation of dyes by the assistance of the additional O˙−2 radicals generated from the reduction of dissolved oxygen during the oxidation of BH ₄ ⁻ .

The last two decades have seen big achievements of conductive MOFs, scientists and engineers around the world should join forces and sustain research efforts towards conductive MOFs with more excellent properties.

In recent years, graphene has emerged as a promising candidate for electrochemical energy storage applications due to its large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good chemical stability, and strong mechanical flexibility. Moreover, its unique two-dimensional (2D) nanostructure can be used as an ideal building block for controllable functionalization with other active components and the resulting graphene-based hybrids exhibit desirable properties for improved energy storage capability. This review summarizes the most recent progress on graphene and graphene-based hybrid nanostructures for three frontier electrochemical energy storage device applications, i.e., lithium-ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, we outline the future perspectives and trends in this research field including several challenges and opportunities.