Bacterial infections pose a serious threat to people’s health. Efforts are being made to develop antibacterial agents that can inhibit bacterial growth, prevent biofilm formation, and kill bacteria. In recent years, materials based on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention for various antibacterial applications due to their high specific surface area, high enzyme-like activity, and continuous release of metal ions. This paper reviews the recent progress of MOFs as antibacterial agents, focusing on preparation methods, fundamental antibacterial mechanisms, and strategies to enhance their antibacterial effects. Finally, several prospects related to MOFs for antibacterial application are proposed, aiming to provide possible research directions in this field.