Bio-fortification is a new, viable, cost-effective, and long-term method of administering crucial minerals to a populace with limited exposure to diversified foods and other nutritional regimens. Nanotechnology entities aid in the improvement of traditional nutraceutical absorption, digestibility, and bio-availability. Nano-applications are employed in poultry systems utilizing readily accessible instruments and processes that have no negative impact on animal health and welfare. Nanotechnology is a sophisticated innovation in the realm of biomedical engineering that is used to diagnose and cure various poultry ailments. In the 21st century, zinc nanoparticles had received a lot of considerable interest due to their unusual features. ZnO NPs exhibit antibacterial properties; however, the qualities of nanoparticles (NPs) vary with their size and structure, rendering them adaptable to diverse uses. ZnO NPs have shown remarkable promise in bio-imaging and drug delivery due to their high bio-compatibility. The green synthesized nanoparticles have robust biological activities and are used in a variety of biological applications across industries. The current review also discusses the formulation and recent advancements of zinc oxide nanoparticles from plant sources (such as leaves, stems, bark, roots, rhizomes, fruits, flowers, and seeds) and their anti-cancerous activities, activities in wound healing, and drug delivery, followed by a detailed discussion of their mechanisms of action.

The medicinal plant, Withania somnifera L. cell culture is sustainable source of important medicinal active ingredients. However successful cell culture amenability relies on media composition, cell growth pattern and elicitation strategies. The Glitz (Gli; modified Litvay media) media promisingly supported friable callus induction and maximum growth (15 g biomass) till 56th day of culture but showed lower polyphenols (6.32 mg g-1 DW) and flavonoids (0.15 mg g-1 DW) contents. Further the friable callus was introduced to the liquid Gli media for cell suspension culture establishment. While for increase secondary metabolites synthesis the established cell culture was treated with elicitors; Methyl Jasmonate (MeJa; 5, 10 and 20 µM) and Salicylic Acdi (SA; 50, 100 and 200 µM). The gallic acid standard based total phenolic acid content met the higher value (35.36 mg per g dry cell weight), 3-fold of the control value (10.73 m g^-1) in MeJa (20 µM) treated cells. While the higher (3.2 mg g^-1 dry cell weight) quercetin standard based flavonoid content in comparison to control (0.92 mg g^-1 DW; 3.5-fold) was observed in SA (100 µM) elicitor treated cell cultures. In parallel DPPH free radical scavenging activity of 60.5% (control: 35.5%) were recorded in elicitors treated cells cultures extracts corroborated to the presence of antioxidant compounds. Based on these findings, it is worth noting that modification in the nutrient media composition significantly improves the W. somnifera cells growth (biomass) and secondary metabolism, and this study concept the cellular agriculture for sustainable future in medicinal plants research.