The objective of the study was to evaluate the stratification of young women based on the assessment of body composition according to several currently recommended anthropometric indices and parameters, as well as the presence of obesity, sarcopenic obesity and the risk of premature death. Three hundred and three young Caucasian women aged 18–25 years were included in the cross-sectional observational study. For the purposes of the study, we used the bioelectrical impedance method and applied the obtained data to calculate indices defining obesity, sarcopenic obesity and premature mortality risk (ABSI z-score). We found significant differences between indicators of total and abdominal obesity when determining the rate of risk of premature death and diagnosis of obesity. Our results also suggest that FMI and FM/FFM indices correlate excellently with fat mass and visceral adipose tissue, better than BMI. Even in the case of abdominal obesity, FMI appears to correlate relatively strongly, more so than BMI. The results of the study support the opinion that in the assessment of body composition and health status, the presence of obesity (sarcopenic obesity) and the risk of premature death, anthropometric parameters and indices focusing not only on body weight (BMI, ABSI), but also on the proportionality and distribution of fat (WC, WHR, WHtR, VFA) and muscle tissue (FFMI, SMMI, FM/FFM ratio) should be used.

Risk elements in blood matrices can affect human health status through associations with biomarkers at multiple levels. The aim of this study was to analyze 15 macro- and microelements in the blood serum of women with overweight (BMI of ≥25 kg/m²) and obesity (BMI of ≥30 kg/m²) and to examine possible associations with biochemical, liver enzymatic parameters, and markers of oxidative stress. Based on the power calculation, the study involved women (in the postmenopausal stage) with overweight (n = 26) and obesity (n = 22), aged between 50–65 years. Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure body composition parameters. Concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, and Hg was measured using cold-vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy. Individuals with obesity, as indicated by a higher BMI, percentage of body fat, and visceral fat area, had elevated serum levels of Ca, Mg, Fe, Al, Sr, Pb, and Hg. Concentrations of Al, Cu, K, Sb, Zn, and Pb significantly affected biochemical and liver function markers in women with overweight or obesity. Elements such as Cu and Al were associated with increased total cholesterol. The correlation analysis between total antioxidant status and Cu, Al, and Ni confirmed associations in both groups. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing excess body weight and obesity in relation to risk elements. The results of the research could be beneficial in identifying potential targets for the treatment or prevention of comorbidities in people with obesity.

The purpose of this work was to investigate whether two-months supplementation with 100% sea buckthorn juice (SBJ) would modify blood lipids, LDL subfractions and other markers of cardiovascular risk in hypercholesterolemic women. A group of 28 hypercholesterolemic non-medicated adult women with a mean age of 50.58 ± 5.76 years consumed 50 mL of 100% SBJ daily for two-months. We observed a significant reduction of body weight (BW; p < 0.05), body mass index (BMI; p < 0.05), body fat mass (BFM; p < 0.001) and visceral fat area (VFA; p < 0.001), on the contrary, a significant increase of skeletal muscle mass (SMM; p < 0.05) and fat-free mass (FFM; p < 0.05). Supplementation with 100% SBJ significantly increased the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL; p < 0.05), reduced the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL; p < 0.05), atherogenic LDL subfractions (LDL3–7; p < 0.05) and improved LDL/HDL ratio (p < 0.001). After the SBJ consumption, significant reduction of C-reactive protein (CRP; p < 0.001), orosomucoid (ORM; p < 0.001) and interleukin 6 (IL-6; p < 0.05) were found. In conclusion, consumption of SBJ showed an indication of beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic women.