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Biochars produced from aquatic plants have attracted increasing attention for the removal of heavy metals from the environment. Therefore, biochars derived from the roots (CBR), stems (CBS) and leaves (CBL) of cattail were investigated in this paper for their higher adsorption capacity, particularly for Cd(II). The adsorption characteristics and the leaching of alkali (soil) metals within biochars obtained from the different tissues of cattail were also discussed. The results showed that the specific surface area of cattail root biochar reached 15.758 m2 g−1. Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R isotherm equations were used to fit the experimental data, and the last equation revealed the best fitting result. The adsorption kinetics for Cd(II) removal were determined by using two different models. The experimental data for CBR and CBS were in good agreement with the pseudo second-order model, whereas the pseudo first-order model provided a better fit for CBL. The amount of leached K reached 73.214 mg g−1 in CBS (55.087 mg g−1 in CBL), which was almost an order of magnitude higher than those of Mg and Ca. The experimental data showed that the leached Mg and Ca metals in CBL had maximum levels of 6.543 and 10.339 mg g−1, respectively. The mechanism of Cd(II) sorption by the biochar is complex and probably involves a combination of mass transfer, ion exchange, and mineral precipitation through the macropores and micropores of the biochar in the sorption process.
Xiaoshu Wang; Zheng Yan; Lingchao Song; Yangyang Wang; Jia Zhu; Nan Xu; Jinsheng Wang; Ming Chang; Lei Wang. Preparation and Characterization of Cattail-Derived Biochar and Its Application for Cadmium Removal. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9307 .
AMA StyleXiaoshu Wang, Zheng Yan, Lingchao Song, Yangyang Wang, Jia Zhu, Nan Xu, Jinsheng Wang, Ming Chang, Lei Wang. Preparation and Characterization of Cattail-Derived Biochar and Its Application for Cadmium Removal. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9307.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoshu Wang; Zheng Yan; Lingchao Song; Yangyang Wang; Jia Zhu; Nan Xu; Jinsheng Wang; Ming Chang; Lei Wang. 2021. "Preparation and Characterization of Cattail-Derived Biochar and Its Application for Cadmium Removal." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9307.
The roles of land scale and household labor allocation have always been a hot button in nitrogen (N) fertilizer use. Rural part-time farming is the main form of household labor allocation in China. This study aimed to quantify the N fertilizer use responses to land-scale expansion and rural part-time farming with different degrees and types in Chinese croplands. Using data on 1159 households extracted from a rural household survey in three great agricultural plains, China, we applied Ordinary Least Squares and Tobit model to yield the consistent results. The results showed that N fertilizer use significantly decreases by 2.23 kg/ha with per unit increase in land scale (p < 0.1), while rural part-time farming degree significantly increases N fertilizer use by 29.72 kg/ha (p < 0.01). Particularly, different effects are detected on the different types of part-time farming households. PTF II (part-time farming degree ranges from 50% to 80%) and OFH (degree higher than 80%) types are proved to be responsible for increasing N fertilizer use of 25.41 kg/ha (p < 0.01) and 22.86 kg/ha (p < 0.05), respectively. These findings imply that the government should encourage part-time farming households to transfer agricultural croplands, thereby expanding land scale so as to reduce N fertilizer use.
Yali Zhang; Yunli Bai; Yihan Wang; Lei Wang. Roles of land-scale expansion and household labor allocation in nitrogen fertilizer use in Chinese croplands. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleYali Zhang, Yunli Bai, Yihan Wang, Lei Wang. Roles of land-scale expansion and household labor allocation in nitrogen fertilizer use in Chinese croplands. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYali Zhang; Yunli Bai; Yihan Wang; Lei Wang. 2021. "Roles of land-scale expansion and household labor allocation in nitrogen fertilizer use in Chinese croplands." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-9.
To improve advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), bio-inspired iron-encapsulated biochar (bio-inspired Fe⨀BC) catalysts with superior performance were prepared from iron-rich biomass of Iris sibirica L. using a pyrolysis method under anaerobic condition. The obtained compounds were used as catalysts to activate perdisulfate (PDS) and then degradate 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), and synthetic iron-laden biochar (synthetic Fe-BC) was used for comparison. The highest removal rate of 2,4-DCP was 98.35%, with 37.03% of this being distinguished as the contribution of micro-electrolysis, greater than the contribution of adsorption (32.81%) or advanced oxidation (28.51%). The high performance of micro-electrolysis could be attributable to the formation of Fe (Iron, syn) and austenite (CFe15.1) with strong electron carrier at 700 °C. During micro-electrolysis, Fe2+ and electrons were gradually released and then used as essential active components to enhance the AOPs. The slow-releasing Fe2+ (K = 0.0048) also inhibited the overconsumption of PDS (K = −0.00056). Furthermore, the electrons donated from Fe⨀BC-4 were able to activate PDS directly. The electrons were enriched by the porous structure of Fe⨀BC-4, and the formation of the COFe bond in the π-electron system could also accelerate the electron transfer to activate PDS. Similar reactive oxygen species (ROS) were identified during the micro-electrolysis and AOPs, leading to similar degradation pathways. The higher does concentration of O2− generated during micro-electrolysis than during the AOPs also led to a greater dechlorination effect.
Yangyang Wang; Lei Wang; Yalei Zhang; Xuhui Mao; Wenbing Tan; Xiaoshu Wang; Ming Chang; Ruonan Guo; Beidou Xi. Perdisulfate-assisted advanced oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by bio-inspired iron encapsulated biochar catalyst. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2021, 592, 358 -370.
AMA StyleYangyang Wang, Lei Wang, Yalei Zhang, Xuhui Mao, Wenbing Tan, Xiaoshu Wang, Ming Chang, Ruonan Guo, Beidou Xi. Perdisulfate-assisted advanced oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by bio-inspired iron encapsulated biochar catalyst. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2021; 592 ():358-370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYangyang Wang; Lei Wang; Yalei Zhang; Xuhui Mao; Wenbing Tan; Xiaoshu Wang; Ming Chang; Ruonan Guo; Beidou Xi. 2021. "Perdisulfate-assisted advanced oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol by bio-inspired iron encapsulated biochar catalyst." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 592, no. : 358-370.
Biochar is widely used in the environmental-protection field. This study presents the first investigation of the mechanism of biochar prepared using iron (Fe)-rich biomass and its impact on the reductive removals of Orange G dye by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The results show that biochars significantly accelerated electron transfer from cells to Orange G and thus stimulated reductive removal rate to 72–97%. Both the conductive domains and the charging and discharging of surface functional groups in biochars played crucial roles in the microbial reduction of Orange G to aniline. A high Fe content of the precursor significantly enhanced the conductor performance of the produced biochar and thus enabled the biochar to have a higher reductive removal rate of Orange G (97%) compared to the biochar prepared using low-Fe precursor (75%), but did not promote the charging and discharging capacity of the produced biochar. This study can prompt the search for natural biomass with high Fe content to confer the produced biochar with wide-ranging applications in stimulating the microbial reduction of redox-active pollutants.
Wenbing Tan; Lei Wang; Hanxia Yu; Hui Zhang; Xiaohui Zhang; Yufu Jia; Tongtong Li; Qiuling Dang; Dongyu Cui; Beidou Xi. Accelerated Microbial Reduction of Azo Dye by Using Biochar from Iron-Rich-Biomass Pyrolysis. Materials 2019, 12, 1079 .
AMA StyleWenbing Tan, Lei Wang, Hanxia Yu, Hui Zhang, Xiaohui Zhang, Yufu Jia, Tongtong Li, Qiuling Dang, Dongyu Cui, Beidou Xi. Accelerated Microbial Reduction of Azo Dye by Using Biochar from Iron-Rich-Biomass Pyrolysis. Materials. 2019; 12 (7):1079.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenbing Tan; Lei Wang; Hanxia Yu; Hui Zhang; Xiaohui Zhang; Yufu Jia; Tongtong Li; Qiuling Dang; Dongyu Cui; Beidou Xi. 2019. "Accelerated Microbial Reduction of Azo Dye by Using Biochar from Iron-Rich-Biomass Pyrolysis." Materials 12, no. 7: 1079.
Biochar is redox-active and can function as a sustainable electron shuttle in catalyzing relevant redox reactions. It plays a crucial role in environmental remediation. In this work, we used different-nickel (Ni)-level biochars produced by the pyrolysis of plant biomass with correspondingly different Ni levels as extracellular electron shuttles for microbial reduction of ferrihydrite by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. A high Ni level of the precursor considerably enhanced the conductor mechanism of the produced biochar and thus enabled the biochar to catalyze increased microbial reductions of the Fe(III) mineral, but it did not promote the charging and discharging capacities of the produced biochar. This study can aid in the search for natural biomass with high Ni content to establish low-cost biochars with wide-ranging applications in catalyzing the redox-mediated reactions of pollutants.
Wenbing Tan; Renfei Li; Hanxia Yu; Xinyu Zhao; Qiuling Dang; Jie Jiang; Lei Wang; Beidou Xi. Prominent Conductor Mechanism-Induced Electron Transfer of Biochar Produced by Pyrolysis of Nickel-Enriched Biomass. Catalysts 2018, 8, 573 .
AMA StyleWenbing Tan, Renfei Li, Hanxia Yu, Xinyu Zhao, Qiuling Dang, Jie Jiang, Lei Wang, Beidou Xi. Prominent Conductor Mechanism-Induced Electron Transfer of Biochar Produced by Pyrolysis of Nickel-Enriched Biomass. Catalysts. 2018; 8 (12):573.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenbing Tan; Renfei Li; Hanxia Yu; Xinyu Zhao; Qiuling Dang; Jie Jiang; Lei Wang; Beidou Xi. 2018. "Prominent Conductor Mechanism-Induced Electron Transfer of Biochar Produced by Pyrolysis of Nickel-Enriched Biomass." Catalysts 8, no. 12: 573.
As a recycled material, flue gas desulfurization gypsum has been used to prepare calcium sulfate hemihydrate whisker (CSHW) through hydrothermal synthesis for several decades. However, the subsequent utilization of this resultant material has not yet received considerable attention. In the present research, CSHW was successfully synthesized at a certain region, and was used for the adsorption of lead ions from aqueous solutions, thereby broadening the research field for the practical application of CSHW. Its adsorption capacity was significantly influenced by various parameters, particularly, the pH level and initial lead concentration. The pH value highly affected the hydrolysis degree of lead ions and dominated the adsorption of lead. The equilibrium isotherms under two different temperatures were simulated using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. Both Langmuir and Temkin models showed a good fit to the data. Combined with the well-fitted pseudo-second-order model, the adsorption mechanism was thought to be a chemisorption process that was enforced by the ion exchange reaction. In addition, the specific crystal structure of CSHW revealed that ion exchange reaction occurred on the (010) and (100) facets due to their preferential growth and negatively charged property. The residual solid phase after adsorption was collected and detected using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Results revealed that PbSO4 was formed on the surface of CSHW. The alkaline condition introduced the tribasic lead sulfate, and thus reduced the stability of the adsorption system.
Xiaoshu Wang; Lei Wang; Yan Wang; Ruiqi Tan; Xing Ke; Xian Zhou; Junjun Geng; Haobo Hou; Min Zhou. Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Whiskers Obtained from Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Used for the Adsorption Removal of Lead. Crystals 2017, 7, 270 .
AMA StyleXiaoshu Wang, Lei Wang, Yan Wang, Ruiqi Tan, Xing Ke, Xian Zhou, Junjun Geng, Haobo Hou, Min Zhou. Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Whiskers Obtained from Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Used for the Adsorption Removal of Lead. Crystals. 2017; 7 (9):270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoshu Wang; Lei Wang; Yan Wang; Ruiqi Tan; Xing Ke; Xian Zhou; Junjun Geng; Haobo Hou; Min Zhou. 2017. "Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Whiskers Obtained from Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Used for the Adsorption Removal of Lead." Crystals 7, no. 9: 270.