Background: How does it affect the quality of life of the patient? Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) is also discussed as proximal or shoulder crossed syndrome. According to Vladimir Janda, UCS is characterized by the tightness of the levator scapulae muscle, upper trapezius muscle, on dorsal sides crosses with tightness of pectoralis major muscle and minor muscle. Weakness of the deep cervical flexors ventrally crosses along with weakness of the middle and the lower trapezius. The weakness and tightness lead to postural imbalance. In addition to this, it creates postural patterning of rounded shoulder forward head posture, loss of cervical lordosis, and increased kyphosis. These can lead to postural adjustment in the upper quarter of the body. Materials and Methods: Out of 17 articles screened 8 studies are included in this review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria are forward head posture, articles from the year 2011 to 2021, patient age between 20-50 years, article published in English languages, articles available in full text, and RCT’S. The exclusion criteria are, articles published before 2011, age less than 20 years and more than 50 years old, articles published other than English language, and articles not available with full text. Relevant studies were retrieved through Cochrane, PubMed, CINHAL, and Embase databases from the year 2011 to 2021. Results: All the physiotherapeutic treatments including conventional and recent trends showed a beneficial effect on patient with upper crossed syndrome or postural abnormalities. Conclusion: All physiotherapy interventions like strengthening and stretching, resistance exercises, postural correction exercises, and ROM exercises has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of upper crossed syndrome. Also, recent trends like dry needling, yoga therapy, myofascial trigger release, eccentric muscle energy technique, Kinesio taping, and IFT and EMG activity has also shown positive result in UCS.

Introduction: Augmented incidence of anxiety is associated with Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) compared to other surgeries; it affects the function of vital organ. Preoperative anxiety may persist after surgery and affects health related quality of life. Music therapy is found to have an impact on patient's anxiety. Aim: To find the effect of music therapy on hospital induced anxiety and Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in patients after CABG. Materials and Methods: Forty participants were recruited for the study, (age group 30-80 years) and randomised into two groups. The intervention group received music therapy along with cardiac rehabilitation and control group received cardiac rehabilitation alone once in a day. The primary outcome measure was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS) was measured by a trained physiotherapist on preoperative day and postoperative day 2 and 7. The secondary outcome measures were SF-36 and 6 minute walk distance, measured by a trained physiotherapist on preoperative day and post operative day 7. Results: HADS anxiety score showed significant difference within the intervention as well as control group, with p-value <0.05. The p-value of HADS depression component was 0.05, which showed that there is no significant difference in HADS score between groups. The p-value of 6 MWT between the group was >0.05, but showed significant difference in control group. Physical component of SF-36 outcome did not show significant difference between the groups with p-value >0.05. Mental component of SF-36 did not established significant improvement between the groups. There was significant improvement in Physical component of SF-36 within the intervention group. Conclusion: Both Phase I cardiac rehabilitation and music therapy has positive impact on anxiety, with music therapy being the most advisable.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease affecting the bones. The main feature of the disease is bone fragility and low bone density. Between 6 and 7 in 100,000 people are affected by the disease. The clinical features are painful bones, bowlegs, short stature, enlarged head, bone fractures, hearing loss, and scoliosis. It is classified into four types: I to IV. Subgroups have been identified, whereby types V, VI, and VII are not associated with collagen mutation. Many patients experience deformities resulting in reduced mobility and difficulty to carry out daily activities. COVID-19 is defined as "a mild to severe respiratory illness that is caused by a coronavirus, is transmitted chiefly by contact with infectious material (such as respiratory droplets) or with objects or surfaces contaminated by the causative virus, and is characterized especially by fever, cough and shortness of breath and may progress to pneumonia and respiratory failure". During the lock down, OI patients suffer from reduced physical activity. Home exercise programmes/physical therapy and the number of clinical visits is also reduced. Rehabilitation sessions should include strengthening, developmental exercises, positioning, standing, and walking, whole-body vibration exercises, and aerobic exercise. Continuous physiotherapy is recognized as one of the essential conservative treatment options. A search was carried out of databases, including CINHAL, Embase, Cochrane, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. This was used to answer the following research questions: What is OI? How is it being treated? How did rehabilitation change during the COVID-19 pandemic? This is the first extensive review of research on the topic.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research aims to publish findings of doctors at grass root level and post graduate students, so that all unique medical experiences are recorded in literature.

Introduction: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional concept reflecting an individual’s perceived physical and mental health. Pulmonary function is a critical component of physical health and its impairment can significantly affect daily activities and overall well-being. College students often undergo lifestyle changes that may increase sedentary behaviour, potentially affecting both respiratory health and HRQoL. However, the direct relationship between these two factors in this specific demographic remains insufficiently documented. Aim: To investigate the correlation between pulmonary function, measured using spirometry and HRQoL, assessed using the 36- Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire, among college students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the Nitte Institute of Physiotherapy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India, from July 2024 to December 2024. It included 100 college students (75 females and 25 males) aged 18-25 years. Participants were screened for physical activity levels using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and individuals classified as inactive or minimally active were included. Pulmonary function was assessed using a computerised spirometer to measure Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Health-related quality of life was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire, which yields a Mental Component Summary (MCS) and a Physical Component Summary (PCS). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between pulmonary function test parameters and HRQoL scores. Results: A weak but statistically significant positive correlation was observed between pulmonary function parameters and components of HRQoL (p-value <0.05). FEV1 showed a positive correlation with both MCS (r-value=0.222, p-value=0.026) and PCS (r-value=0.289, p-value=0.004). Similarly, FVC demonstrated positive correlations with MCS (r-value=0.204, p-value=0.042) and PCS (r-value=0.261, p-value=0.009). The FEV1 /FVC ratio also showed a significant positive correlation with MCS (r-value=0.244, p-value=0.014) and PCS (r-value=0.230, p-value=0.021). Male participants exhibited significantly higher FEV1 and FVC values compared to females (p-value <0.001); however, no significant gender-based differences were observed in HRQoL scores. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates a significant positive correlation between pulmonary function and healthrelated quality of life among college students. Better respiratory function is associated with higher perceived physical and mental well-being. These findings emphasise the importance of promoting respiratory health through lifestyle interventions, such as increased physical activity, to enhance overall quality of life in this population.

Pulmonary aspergilloma is a mass in the lungs caused by a fungal infection named aspergillosis, which is caused by the fungus Aspergillus. There is a high prevalence of aspergilloma in patients who have previously been affected by pulmonary tuberculosis. The present case report was aimed to describe the radiological features and functional activity limitations of a patient diagnosed with aspergilloma who underwent lobectomy of the superior lobe, middle lobe and superior segment of the lower lobe. A 51-year-old male was admitted with the chief complaint of blood in his sputum, which had increased in volume over the past 10 days, leading to a diagnosis of pulmonary aspergilloma. A Computed Tomography (CT) scan and X-ray confirmed this diagnosis. The patient was referred to the Physiotherapy Department on Postoperative Day one (POD-1). The personalised pulmonary rehabilitation was directed at improving functional mobility and reducing secondary complications of the surgery. The present case report emphasises the importance of tailored pulmonary rehabilitation and its effects on functional independence.