The presented work in this paper deals with various step sizes used in incremental conductance (INC) related to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. In the solar photovoltaic system, the variable step size selection method for INC is proposed and compared. The MATLAB/Simulink and hardware setup are used for assessing and analyzing step size methods. The variable step size (DVS), fixed step size (DFS) are comprehensively studied and compared. This DVS method is having a lower ON delay time $\left ({{T_{d_{ON}}} }\right)$ as 148 msec as regard to 164 msec in the DFS method. On the other hand, the lowest peak-peak oscillations in load current as 0.04 amp for DVS as compared to 0.5A for the DFS method, lower peak current as 1.96A for DVS as compare to 2.37A for the DFS method. In this way, the performance of the DVS method is found superior as it is analyzed and compared with the DFS algorithm.

The voltage and frequency of three‐phase self‐excited induction generator (SEIG) depend upon various factors such as prime mover speed, capacitance value, load etc. The poor voltage and frequency regulation are the main constraints for poor performance of SEIG. The improved performance can be achieved through short shunt SEIG configuration. In this study, the utilisation of SEIG is transformed into a number of novel functions. The combination of speed, series and shunt capacitances as design parameters are selected for short shunt SEIG in order to provide optimum values for voltage regulation (VR), frequency regulation (FR), loadability, voltage/frequency regulation and to provide optimum performance, defined as a weighted combination of VR, FR and loadability. The effect of weights, speed and power factor on designed parameters is also assessed for a generic application on SEIG. Correspondingly, an optimisation is proposed using particle swarm optimisation, a heuristic approach considering various equality and inequality constraints related to SEIG. This study is carried out for resistive and inductive loads. The simulated results are validated with test results.

In this paper; the effect of partial shading on series parallel (SP) and total-cross-tied (TCT) PV module configurations has been investigated. For this study; two PV modules (4×4 size) of SP and TCT configurations have been assembled using commercially available PV cells. The analysis has been done under two moving partial shading patterns i.e. horizontal and diagonal at constant environmental conditions. The results are compared for both the considered PV module configurations in terms of I-V characteristics. From the obtained results; it can be concluded that TCT PV module provide better performance and efficiency under partial shading. Moreover; current losses; fill factor and efficiency are also calculated to validate SP and TCT configured PV module performances under shading patterns.