The Red Sea crisis (RSC) is an ongoing military conflict affecting maritime trade. Based on automatic identification system data, this study analyzed the changes in vessel behavior in the Red Sea using the seasonal decomposition method. The number and speed of vessels decreased significantly after the RSC, and many vessels chose to sail away from the Red Sea rather than anchor at its shores. Additionally, the impact of the RSC on maritime shipping networks was analyzed based on metrics in complex networks. Although shipping network structures were changed by the RSC, they still exhibited resilience. Finally, this study analyzed the RSC future impacts on maritime shipping networks based on node attacks and the Markov method. Because of their resilience, only ports in the top 20 % needed to be considered. This study provides valuable insights for maritime transportation authorities to formulate port strategies and route layouts in response to the RSC.

The natural environment has been widely recognized as an important way of alleviating mental disorders. While a growing number of studies have discussed the restorative effect of the natural environment, the role of sounds in the natural environment (i.e., soundscape) on promoting mental restoration is under limited exploration. Therefore, we examined the restorative effect of visual stimuli and the combination of audio and visual factors in the natural environment. A total of 149 college students were divided into five groups, and exposed to different combinations of photos and sounds (with ‘silence’ as a control group) collected along the East Lake Greenway—the longest urban greenway in China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the correlation between characteristics of the natural environment and volunteers’ mental restoration, with place attachment as a mediator. Results showed that: (1) sound can alter the effect of visual factors on mental restoration; (2) birdsong can significantly enhance the restorative benefit of urban greenways; (3) an environment that is covered in greenery and consists of water sounds will contribute to a higher level of mental restoration; (4) human noise will have a negative impact on mental restoration; (5) place attachment is a mediator between the natural environment and mental restoration. This study highlights the effectiveness of sounds in the natural environment in promoting mental restoration, and broadens our understanding of the link between the natural environment and mental health. We propose that not only visual factors, but also audio-visual combinations, should be considered when creating restorative environments.