The coalbed methane resources of the Gujiao Block are abundant, and the exploration degree is high. The gas production and water production of different CBM (coalbed methane) wells vary greatly. The average gas production of CBM wells in the study area is mostly less than 1000 m³/d, while the average water production is mostly less than 5 m³/d. The gas production of CBM wells near the core of the Malan syncline is relatively high. A series of large faults exist in the central and eastern parts of the study area, and CBM wells nearby produce more water but less gas. The salinity of water discharged from CBM wells ranges from 810.34 to 3115.48 mg/L, which is consistent with the trend of a gradual increase from north to south. The gas content distribution follows this same gradually increasing north to south trend. Coal thickness and buried depth have little effect on gas production, but have some effects on water production. The endogenous fracture system in the coal reservoir is extremely developed and the porosity and permeability of the reservoirs are low, which is not conducive to the migration and recovery of coalbed methane. The adsorption capacity of the coal sample is strong. However, the continuous uplift and denudation of the stratum from the middle Yanshanian to the Himalayan region are not conducive to the preservation and enrichment of coalbed methane. In addition, a series of large faults exist in this area, and the coal structures are broken. A large amount of coalbed methane is continually being released. Generally, structural and hydrological conditions affect the porosity, permeability, and gas content of coal reservoirs, thereby affecting the productivity of coalbed methane wells. The comprehensive analysis shows that the Xingjiashe well field in the southern part of the study area is a favorable area for CBM exploration and development.

Based on the complex hydrogeological conditions of the Chensilou mine, numerical simulations and field validation methods were used to study the mechanism of water inrush from the floor of the coal seam, which has faults and cracks, as well as the regional advanced grouting reinforcement technology during the coal mining process. The evolution laws of the roof stress field, displacement field, crack field, and plastic area are revealed at different mining distances. The coupling mechanism of floor water inrush channel formation under complex conditions is analyzed. Advanced grout filling reinforcement technology in the ground area is proposed, the slurry diffusion law of different grouting layers under different grouting pressures is revealed, and the grouting effect is evaluated, which provides a research basis for selecting a reasonable grouting pressure. Finally, the application of regional advanced grouting reinforcement technology was carried out at the site, and the grouting reconstruction effect was verified by the transient electromagnetic and three-dimensional DC resistivity method. The results show that the apparent resistivity of the floor after the grouting reinforcement is high, and the water yield of the verification borehole is less than 10 m³/h. The area where the three-dimensional direct current resistivity is less than 12 Ω·m only appears in the lower part of the middle of the working face, and there is no water in the verification borehole. Through our underground supplementary treatment and verification process, the initial water inflow meets the requirements of being less than 10 m³/h. It indicates that the ground regional advanced treatment project achieved significant results. The results of our research can also provide references for water hazard control in similar mines.

Based on the basic geological data and production data of coalbed methane wells in the Shouyang Block, the characteristics and influencing factors of coalbed methane well production were analyzed, and the primary controlling factors were identified by the grey correlation method. The results show that the average daily gas production of the coalbed methane wells in the study area for the single mining of No. 15 coal ranges from 0 to 604.34 m³/d, with an average of 116.82 m³/d. The overall average gas production is relatively low, with only 7 of the 42 wells having an average gas production greater than 200 m³/d. Gas production tends to increase as the gas content increases. There is a significant positive correlation between gas saturation and average gas production. Burial depth and coal seam thickness also show a positive correlation with average gas production. On the other hand, there is a negative exponential relationship between average gas production and critical desorption pressure. Permeability, as determined by well tests in the area, exhibits a negative correlation with the gas production of coalbed methane wells. The correlation between gas production and the mean three-dimensional stress is weak. As the fractal dimension D value of fractures increases, gas production decreases. A smaller difference in horizontal principal stress is more favorable for the formation of network fractures, facilitating reservoir fracturing and resulting in better reconstructive properties. Moreover, an increase in the sand–mud ratio leads to a decrease in average gas production. The correlation between fault fractal dimension and average gas production is weak. The grey correlation method was employed to determine the controlling factors of coalbed methane production in the study area, ranked from strong to weak, as follows: coal thickness > fracture fractal dimension D value > gas saturation > coal seam gas content > horizontal stress difference coefficient > permeability > critical desorption pressure > mean value of three-dimensional principal stress > coal seam burial depth > sand–mud ratio > fault fractal dimension.

The Shouyang Block was selected as the research subject. Comprehensive analysis was conducted using coalbed methane (CBM) well production data, geochemical test data on water produced from the coalbed methane well, and fundamental geological information. The findings reveal the water dynamics in the Shouyang Block are characterized by weak groundwater runoff or retention in most areas. The groundwater head height exhibits a gradual decrease from the north to south, which is closely associated with the monoclinic structure of the Shouyang Block. Overall, water production is relatively high. As the average water production increases, the average gas production gradually decreases. A concentration of high water production wells is observed in the northern part of the Shouyang Block, which gradually increases towards the southeast direction. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the factors influencing water production, including total water content of coal seams, coal seam porosity, groundwater stability index, groundwater sealing coefficient, D value of the fracture fractal dimension, fault fractal dimension, and sand–mud ratio. The correlation degree was calculated and ranked in order of magnitude through grey correlation analysis. The order of factors that influence water production, from strongest to weakest, is as follows: sand–mud ratio > porosity > fractal dimension of fault > fracture fractal dimension D value > groundwater sealing coefficient > groundwater stability index > total water content of coal seams. The dissolution amounts of carbonate and sulfate are both small, and the water source may mainly come from the sandstone aquifer. Attention should be paid to the distribution and lithological combination of sandstone aquifers in coal-bearing strata in the future exploration and development process of the Shouyang Block. This will help to avoid the potential influence of fault structures and enable the identification of favorable areas for low water and high gas production.