In this study, sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as waste from sugarcane factory was extracted into silica powder. This powder was then used as adsorbent for ethanol purification. Prior to used, the SCBA was washed using HCl solution. The silica extraction was conducted using various NaOH concentrations (0.5; 1; 1.5 and 2 mol/L) as well as extraction times (30, 60 and 90 minutes). After that the mixture was precipitated using HCl solution. The solution was filtrated through a paper filter and its solid particle was dried until its weight was constant. The particle was grounded and sieved using 18 mesh sieves. The silica powder obtained was analysed using FTIR and its result showed that the powder has silica functional groups. The silica yield increases with increasing of concentration of NaOH solution as well as extraction time. The highest silica yield (45.5% w/w) was achieved at 2 mol/L NaOH solution at 90 min. The surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume of silica powder were measured to be 407 m ² /g, 3.81Å, and 2.76 dm ³ /g, respectively. From application of silica powder as adsorbent in adsorptive-distillation, ethanol concentration can reach 99.3% w/w which indicates azeotropic point can be passed.

Bio-oil from coconut shell pyrolysis has a very acidic pH and is corrosive due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Phenol is corrosive and can cause damage to the engine. If the bio-oil is intended to be used as an alternative diesel fuel, the phenol content needs to be removed. Phenol actually has an...

The utilization of biomass as a source of new and renewable energy is being carried out. One of the technologies to convert biomass as an energy source is pyrolysis which is converting biomass into more valuable products, such as bio–oil. Bio–oil is a liquid which produced by steam condensation process from the pyrolysis of coconut shell. The composition of biomass such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin will be oxidized to phenol as the main content of the bio–oil. Production of bio–oil from coconut shell was investigated via fast pyrolysis reactor. Fast pyrolysis was carried out at 500 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C and 1 hour holding time at pyrolysis temperature. The Bio-oil chemical composition was investigated using GC–MS. Percentage value of phenol, 2–methoxy phenol, 3–methoxy 1,2–benzenediol, and 2,6–dimethoxy phenol was 45.42%, 13.37%, 10.09%, and 11.72% respectively.

Biomass is a good resource for renewable energy. Biomass can be converted into bio-fuel (bio-oil) through a catalytic fast pyrolysis process. Previous studies only used single feedstock biomass as raw material for bio-oil production. In this study, bio-oil production is based on a multi-feedstock biomass waste consisting of rice husk, sugar cane bagasse, and palm oil empty fruit bunch. The mixture of biomass waste as a raw material is expected to enhance the yield and quality of the bio-oil produced. This study aimed to investigate the bio-oil products obtained from catalytic pyrolysis of the biomass waste mixture. Mixture Design from Design Expert was used to study the effect of biomass composition on the bio-oil products. Each biomass, i.e., rice husk, sugar cane bagasse, and palm oil empty fruit bunch, was previously chopped and sieved into a uniform 60 mesh. The pyrolysis process was conducted at 500°C with an N2 flow rate of 3 L min-1. The mixture of biomass waste husks contains more phenolic compounds than single-feedstock. The chemical characterization also showed that the multi-feedstock bio-oil compound was dominated by aldehydes, esters, and phenolic compounds.