The advancement of 3D-printing technology has ushered in a new era in the production of machine components, building materials, prototypes, and so on. In 3D-printing techniques, the infill reduces the amount of material used, thereby reducing the printing time and sustaining the aesthetics of the products. Infill patterns play a significant role in the property of the material. In this research, the mechanical properties of specimens are investigated for gyroid, rhombile, circular, truncated octahedron, and honeycomb infill structures (hexagonal). Additionally, the tensile properties of PLA 3D-printed objects concerning their infill pattern are demonstrated. The specimens were prepared with various infill patterns to determine the tensile properties. The fracture of the specimen was simulated and the maximum yield strengths for different infill structures and infill densities were determined. The results show the hexagonal pattern of infill holds remarkable mechanical properties compared with the other infill structures. Through the variation of infill density, the desired tensile strength of PLA can be obtained based on the applications and the optimal weight of the printed parts.

Cutting tool characterization plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of machining operations. The selection of a suitable cutting material, the operating conditions for the work piece, is necessary to yield good cutting-tool life. Several pieces of research have been carried out in cutting-tool characteristics for turning operation. Only a few pieces of research have focused on correlating the vibrations and stress with wear characteristics. This research article deals with stress induced in silicon carbide tool inserts and coated tool inserts while machining SS304 steel. Since this material is much less resistant to corrosion and oxidation it is widely used in engineering applications such as cryogenics, the food industry and liquid contact surfaces. Moreover, these materials have much lower magnetic permeability so they are used as nonmagnetic engineering components which are very hard. This article focuses on the machining of SS304 by carbide tool inserts and then, the cutting forces were observed with a tool dynamometer. Using observed cutting forces, the induced stress in the lathe tool insert was determined by FEA investigation. This research also formulates an idea to predict the tool wear due to vibration. Apparently, the worn-out tool vibrates more than new tools. Using the results, the relation between stress, strain and feed rate, depth of cut and speed was found and mathematically modeled using MINI TAB. It was observed that carbide tool inserts with coating withstand better than uncoated tools while machining SS304. The results were anticipated and correlation between the machining parameters furnished the prediction of tool life and obtaining the best machining outcomes by using coated tool inserts.

This investigation is primarily concerned with the effect of fly ash, basalt powder, and tungsten carbide (WC) on the mechanical, microstructural, and tribological behaviour of areca fiber-reinforced composites. The fillers (5–10 wt. %) were included with the areca fiber epoxy reinforced composites. In comparison to areca fiber composites without fillers, the inclusion of fly ash, basalt powder, and WC increased the tensile strength by 33–48.2 MPa. The tensile strength of an A2 composite containing areca fiber (20 wt. %), epoxy (70 wt. %) and basalt powder (10 wt. %) was measured to be 48.2 MPa. Similarly, filler incorporation enhanced flexural, impact, and Shore D hardness properties by up to 21.25%, 13.18%, and 15.66%, respectively. Furthermore, the hybridization of fillers enhanced the mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of areca fiber reinforced composites. The inclusion of filler increases the load-carrying capability and adhesion, as determined by SEM. The river-like pattern demonstrates that ductile failure was dominated in the A5 [areca fiber (20 wt. %), epoxy (70 wt. %), fly ash (5 wt. %) and basalt powder (5 wt. %)] composites. A4 [areca fiber (20 wt. %), epoxy (70 wt. %), fly ash (5 wt. %) and tungsten carbide (5 wt. %)] composite has a lower wear resistance than all other composites. The hybrid filler-reinforced composite exhibits increased wear resistance as a result of the absence of wear detritus and textured surfaces.