The current approach considered the unsteady 2D laminar second law analysis on Williamson hybrid nanoliquid in a porous medium under the effect of the thermal radiative flow towards a convectively heated stretching sheet. Propylene glycol P G ( C 3 H 8 O 2 ) is employed as the base liquid in this study, and the nanoparticles are Molybdenum disulfide M O S 2 and Zinc Oxide Z n O . The purpose of the current study is to maximize the energy and mass transfer rate for industrial and engineering applications. The primary contribution of this study is to discuss heat transmission via thermal radiation, suction, and the porous parameter on the flow of a William hybrid nanoliquid. The constitutive Maxwell flow model, heat transport, and entropy generation can be reduced to ordinary differential equations by similarity transformations. The Bvp4c technique is used on these generating ODEs for the numerical technique in the methodology section. Fluid friction, heat transmission, and Joule heating are used to calculate the entropy generation number. Graphs and tables are used to investigate the effects of dimensionless parameters on flow variables and entropy generation. The primary results suggest that hybrid Maxwell nanofluid is a more efficient heat conductor than regular nanofluid. A significant drop in the velocity field is supported by the Williamson W e , Unsteady β , and porosity γ factors γ . The temperature profile is significantly raised by the Biot number B i , thermal radiation R d , and suction factor S . Moreover, it has been found that entropy increases with radiation R d but reduces in Brinkman number B r against the Bejan number profile. Our results for a few specific situations were compared with previously published data to establish the validity of the current study, and it was discovered that they were in strong agreement.

The physiological systems and biological applications that have arisen during the past 15 years depend heavily on the microscale and nanoscale fluxes. Microchannels have been utilized to develop new diagnostic assays, examine cell adhesion and molecular transport, and replicate the fluid flow microenvironment of the circulatory system. The various uses of MHD boundary flow in engineering and technology are extensive, ranging from MHD power generators and the polymer industry to MHD flow meters and pumps and the spinning of filaments. In this investigation, the (Magnetohydrodynamic) MHD flow of Prandtl nanofluid is investigated along with mixed convection, energy activation, microorganism, and chemical reaction. The flow model is considered through partial differential equations in dimensionless form which is then integrated numerically via considering the Bvp4c technique. The outcome is numerous emerging physical parameters over velocity profile, temperature, mass concentration, and microorganism with the separate pertinent quantities such as the Prandtl fluid parameter, elastic fluid parameter, magnetic field, mixed convection parameter, activation energy, chemical reaction, Brownian motion, thermophoretic force, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The friction factor, rate of heat transfer and Sherwood number, and density of microbes are revealed numerically and graphically. The outcomes indicate that the Prandtl fluid parameter and elastic fluid parameter tend to enhance the velocity profile. It is also noted that the Prandtl fluid parameter depreciates the thermal rate with the addition of the concentration profile while the opposite trend is recorded for activation energy. Obtained numerical outcomes are correspondingly compared with the current statistics in limiting cases and a close match is obtained.

The current work aims to scrutinize the bioconvection Sutterby nanofluid flow of the Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux over a rotating disk. The effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion receive considerable consideration. The process of analyzing heat and mass transfer phenomena involves taking into account the impacts of thermal radiation and chemical reactions that are susceptible to convective boundary conditions. Firstly, we reduce the PDEs of the physical model to ODEs through alter transformation and then numerically solved the transformed ODEs using Keller Box technique. An analysis of numerical data follows to ascertain the role of numerous flow variables on the flow profiles. Based on the findings, it is evident that an increase in the fluid variable Δ and the porous variable K leads a decrease in the, radial F'(ζ), axial F'(ζ) and tangential G(ζ) velocities. Furthermore, we find that the growing values of the thermal radiation Rd variable and the thermal Biot number B _T greatly aid in raising the fluid’s temperature. Concentration profile shows decreasing behavior for rising values of Schmidt number Sc but upsurge for solutal Biot number B _C . The microorganism is decayed with greater Lewis number Lb and Peclet number Pe.