Приводятся данные по оценке загрязнения тяжелыми металлами почв селитебных зон г. Ростов-на-Дону. Объектами исследования выступали почвы естественного происхождения – черноземы миграционно-сегрегационные мощные среднегумусированные тяжелосуглинистые на лессовидных суглинках и антропогенно-преобразованные почвы почвы – урбостратифицированные черноземы и урбостратоземы на погребенных черноземах миграционно-сегрегационных на лессовидных суглинках. Сравнительный анализ с фоновым аналогом показал низкую степень загрязнения черноземов тяжелыми металлами (Zc = 4.5–6.0). Наибольшее скопление поллютантов можно наблюдать в насыпных и антропогенно-преобразованных горизонтах. Максимальные значения Кс зарегистрированы в горизонтах «урбик» для кобальта (Кс = 1.6–2.6), меди (Кс = 1.2– 3.7), цинка (Кс = 1.6–6.7) и свинца (Кс = 1.5–6.1). В целом прослеживается явная тенденция к снижению интенсивности загрязнения элементами нижележащих горизонтов, что свидетельствует о барьерных свойствах, проявляемых урбаноземами, за счет повышенной плотности урбиковых горизонтов. Основными поллютантами антропогенно-преобразованных почв выступают цинк и мышьяк, их содержание не превышает 2 ОДК, с учетом санитарно-гигиенических критериев данный тип почв характеризуется допустимым уровнем загрязнения (Zc ˂ 16). Под влиянием техногенной нагрузки в дневных горизонтах отмечены локальные очаги загрязнения медью в подвижной форме (16.6 ПДК), а также свинцом (5.3 ОДК). Несмотря на превышение ОДК поллютантов в трансформированных почвах селитебных зон, наличие урбогоризонтов, для которых характерна повышенная плотность, и карбонатных барьеров в погребенных черноземах замедляет миграцию металлов вглубь профиля, смягчая антропогенную нагрузку на черноземы. This paper assesses heavy metal pollution in soils of residential areas in Rostov-on-Don. The objects of the study were soils of natural origin – migration-segregation thick medium-humus heavy loamy chernozems on loess-like loams and anthropogenically transformed soils – urbostratified chernozems and urban stratozems on buried migration-segregation chernozems on loess-like loams. Comparative analysis with the background analog showed a low level of chernozems contamination by heavy metals (Zc = 4.5–6.0). The greatest accumulation of pollutants was observed in bulk and anthropogenic transformed horizons. The maximum values of Kс were recorded in the urbic horizons for cobalt (Kс = 1.6–2.6), copper (Kс = 1.2–3.7), zinc (Kс = 1.6–6.7) and lead (Kс = 1.5–6.1). In general, there is a clear tendency towards decreasing levels of contamination of the underlying horizons by these elements, which indicates the barrier properties exhibited by urbanozems due to the increased density of urban horizons. The primary pollutants of anthropogenically transformed soils are zinc and arsenic. Their concentrations do not exceed two APC. According to sanitary and hygienic standards, this type of soil is considered to have an acceptable level of pollution (Zc ˂ 16). Under the impact of anthropogenic load, localized contaminations with copper in mobile form (16.6 MPC) as well as lead (5.3 APC) were recorded in the uppermost horizons. Despite an excess of APC for pollutants in transformed soils of residential areas, the presence of urban horizons characterized by increased density, and carbonate barriers in buried chernozems slows down the migration of metals deep into the profile, thereby mitigating the anthropogenic load on black soil.

журнал Живые и биокосные системы Особенности реплантированных почв Ростовской агломерации

This study is one of the first comprehensive assessments of soil carbon dynamics on the Black Sea coast of Russia, focusing on the role of soils in the terrestrial carbon cycle and the greenhouse gas balance of sub-Mediterranean ecosystems. Our integrated approach combined soil classification with the analysis of the distribution of organic and inorganic carbon, as well as the measurement of microbial biomass and respiration. Soil respiration components, including substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and basal respiration (BR), as well as greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄)) dynamics, were evaluated using a combination of laboratory and field measurements. Our results revealed significant differences between natural Rendzic Leptosols and terraced Skeletic Rendzic Leptosols (Technic and Transportic types). The latter contained higher organic carbon stocks (up to 25 kg m⁻²) associated with buried humus horizons, whereas the former were dominated by inorganic carbon accumulation. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) ranged from 113 to 1119 µg C g⁻¹ of soil and decreased with depth. Basal respiration averaged 0.39 ± 0.30 µg C–CO₂ g⁻¹ h⁻¹. CO₂ emissions were strongly correlated with soil temperature (r = 0.65, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with soil moisture, reflecting the predominant influence of abiotic factors. Seasonal chamber observations confirmed that these soils consistently function as CH₄ sinks, with negative CH₄ fluxes recorded across all seasons. Thus, Rendzic Leptosols on the Black Sea coast serve as significant CO₂ sources and stable CH₄ sinks simultaneously, and anthropogenic terracing enhances their potential for organic carbon sequestration. These findings refine our understanding of the carbon balance in sub-Mediterranean forest soils and highlight their dual role in greenhouse gas dynamics under changing climate conditions.