This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Spirulina platensis (SP) on the productive performance, carcass characteristics, behavior, blood serum metabolites, hematological indices, and economic efficiency of Fayoumi broiler chickens for a 56-day. In total, 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed among four dietary treatments with three replicates (n = 10/group) for 8 weeks. The dietary treatments were a control basal diet without SP and the same basal diets supplemented with 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0% SP. Birds fed 1% Spirulina-supplemented diets recorded significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio and less overall feed intake and feeding behavior than those in the control group. No significant changes (p > 0.05) were recorded in the dressing percentage or the relative weights of internal organs among the different experimental groups, except for the thymus. Diets containing 0.5 or 1.0% SP saw an increase (p < 0.05) in serum total protein and globulin and a reduction (p < 0.05) in serum cholesterol concentration. The lymphocyte percentage in birds fed SP diets was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than in birds fed the control diet. These results suggest that adding SP up to 1% to the broiler diets could positively affect some important blood biochemical parameters, enhance their immunity response, and improve their growth performance. However, from an economic point of view, supplementation with 0.25% of SP is recommended for Fayoumi broiler chickens.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding Origanum majorana (OM) powder to domestic pigeon diets on growth performance, feeding and drinking behaviour, blood hematology, blood biochemical parameters, blood inflammatory and oxidative markers, carcass characteristics, the weights of lymphoid organs, and and intestinal cecal, and bursa of Fabricius histology. A random distribution of fifty-four unsexed pigeon squabs (30 days old, average body weight; 321 g ± 7.5) into three groups was done. The first group was fed the grower basal diet without adding OM powder, while OM powder was added at levels of 0.5 and 1% to the basal diets of the second and third groups, respectively. The changes in growth performance parameters and feeding and drinking behavior under OM powder’s effect were insignificant. However, the lymphoid organs (spleen and thymus) significantly increased in weight (p < 0.05) in the OM-fed groups. Moreover, blood examination showed positive responses to OM powder in terms of blood cell counts (RBCs andWBCs), and the values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, lymphocyte numbers, levels of globulin, and glutathione peroxidase enzyme were significantly increased. The numbers of heterophils, the ratio of heterophil to lymphocyte, malondialdehyde levels were reduced (p < 0.05). Histomorphometry examination revealed increases in intestinal villi height, cecal thickness, and bursal follicle area and number. These results indicated that adding OM powder to the pigeon diet may improve their immunity, increase their antioxidant status, and correct some hematological disorders.

Heat stress condition (34 °C, Egyptian summer season) in pigeon leads to a lot of negative impacts on behavior, physiology, hepatic architecture, and biochemical parameter changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of water bath as a managerial and low-quality diet (wheat) as well as some feed additives (propolis or black seed) as nutritional factors for improvement of these changes. The result showed that heat stress condition induced a significant decrease in feeding behavior, feed intake, body gain, H\L ratio, and total antioxidants, while catalase, glucose, and cholesterol levels were significantly increased. These changes were accompanied by severe damage of the hepatic tissues that illustrated as swelling, vacuolation, collagenous tissue deposition, and venous congestion. The negative effect of heat stress condition was significantly declined by addition of water bath or feeding on black seed grains. Furthermore, feeding on the wheat grains only during summer season had economic impact as it did not show any more negative effects on the studied parameters. In conclusion, water bath and black seed have a protective role against the heat stress-mediated effects.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder on the performance, carcass traits and behavior of native Fayoumi broiler. A total number of 120 one month old commercial male Fayoumi broilers with nearly similar weights were randomly distributed into three experimental groups each 40 birds in 4 replicates (10 bird/replicate). Birds in the first group were fed on standard basal diet without any addition ( control T1) while, Fayoumi broilers in the second and the third groups fed on the same basal diet supplemented with 0.5 and 0.75% turmeric powder (T2&T3). Growth performance parameters, carcass traits, and behavioral parameters were assessed. The results showed that, there was a significant increased in body weight gain, feeding, drinking and sitting behavior, total protein, globulin, calcium, phosphorus and dressing percentage while, significant decrease in FCR, walking and standing behavior. Addition of turmeric powder in the second and third treatment had no significant effect on albumin level, relative weights of liver, gizzard, heart and spleen over six weeks of experimental period. Results of the current study concluded that using turmeric (curcuma longa) powder supplement in Fayoumi broiler diets improved growth performance and ingestive behavior, in addition, total serum protein, globulin, calcium, phosphorus and dressing percentage were increased significantly.

The study objective was to investigate group size effect on some behavior, blood parameter, and body condition score of camels during rut. Camelus dromedarius bull camels (n = 38 ; 5 -7 years old) were assigned randomly to 4 housing group treatments of with 5, 8, 11 or 14 camels/pen with used the same supplying of a space allowance of 15 m2 /camel to give the same pen density. Behaviors was recorded from video data throughout one hour per single day each week for 10 weeks using continuous focal sampling are (20- min. intervals at morning, mid day, and afternoon) focused on posture, maintenance and aggressive behaviors. Camels housed in group (14 camels /pen) showed more maintenance behavior (feeding, drinking, and rumination), walking, and standing, and less in over all aggressive behaviors, and lying when compared to camels housed in groups (5 or 8 camels/pen). While, it had no effect on rumination, overall aggressive behaviors, and lying when compared to camels housed in groups (11 camels/pen). On the other hand, the hormonal blood parameters representing in testosterone level and T4 : T3 ratio beside to, body condition score were significantly higher with increasing the group size. While, cortisol, T3 and T4 levels were decreased linearly with group size increasing. In contrast, different groups numbering had no effect on total serum protein, albumin, globulin levels and A/G ratio. Lastly, group size as managerial practice in rutting camel’s management has effects on a different behavioral patterns, blood parameters and body condition score.