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M.E. Schipanski
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80524 USA

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Case study
Published: 04 June 2021 in Natural Sciences Education
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Global food systems contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, and the mitigation of these emissions is a critical component of addressing the challenge of climate change. A variety of decision-support tools are available for agricultural producers to use to estimate how their management decisions affect emissions. These tools, often free and online, can be incorporated into agriculture and natural sciences courses, providing an engaging and interactive way for students to learn about climate change mitigation in online courses. Here, we focus on three tools: COMET-Planner, COMET-Farm, and Cool Farm Tool. Each of these tools link agricultural management with estimated emissions but differ according to the scope of analysis and type of functionality. Our case study navigates how to best incorporate each tool into undergraduate courses - providing detailed examples focused on crop production. Teaching notes provide guidance on pairing these activities with lessons related to agricultural policy, science communication, and farm nutrient budgets. Instructors have considerable opportunity to incorporate agricultural decision-support tools into courses to support students connecting scientific concepts to real-world application. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Randa Jabbour; Shelby C. McClelland; Meagan E. Schipanski. Use of decision‐support tools by students to link crop management practices with greenhouse gas emissions: A case study. Natural Sciences Education 2021, e20063 .

AMA Style

Randa Jabbour, Shelby C. McClelland, Meagan E. Schipanski. Use of decision‐support tools by students to link crop management practices with greenhouse gas emissions: A case study. Natural Sciences Education. 2021; ():e20063.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Randa Jabbour; Shelby C. McClelland; Meagan E. Schipanski. 2021. "Use of decision‐support tools by students to link crop management practices with greenhouse gas emissions: A case study." Natural Sciences Education , no. : e20063.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Agricultural Systems
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Agri-food supply chains in North America have become remarkably efficient, supplying an unprecedented variety of items at the lowest possible cost. However, the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and the near-total temporary loss of the foodservice distribution channel, exposed a vulnerability that many found surprising. Instead of continued shortages, however, the agri-food sector has since moved back to near normal conditions with prices and production levels similar to those typically observed in years prior to the pandemic. Ironically, the specialization in most food supply chains designed for “just-in-time” delivery to specific customers with no reserve capacity, which led to the initial disruptions, may have also been responsible for its rapid rebound. A common theme in assessing the impacts across the six commodities examined is the growing importance of understanding the whole supply chain. Over the longer term, a continuation of the pandemic could push the supply chain toward greater consolidation of firms and diversification of products given the increasing option value of maintaining flexibility. Other structural changes will be felt through input markets, most notably labour, as the trend toward greater automation will continue to accelerate as a response to meeting concerns about a consistent supply of healthy and productive workers. The economic fall out from the pandemic may lead to greater concentration in the sector as some firms are not able to survive the downturn and changes in consumer food buying behaviour, including movement toward online shopping and enhanced demand for attributes associated with resiliency, such as local. On the other hand, online shopping may provide opportunities for small producers and processors to shorten supply chains and reach customers directly. In the long term, COVID-19 impacts on global commerce and developing country production are more uncertain and could influence poverty reduction. While COVID-19's impacts on North American agriculture should have minimal effect on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through food prices, the ongoing global trends in trade and agribusiness accelerated by the pandemic are relevant for achievement of the SDGs.

ACS Style

Alfons Weersink; Mike von Massow; Nicholas Bannon; Jennifer Ifft; Josh Maples; Ken McEwan; Melissa G.S. McKendree; Charles Nicholson; Andrew Novakovic; Anusuya Rangarajan; Timothy Richards; Bradley Rickard; James Rude; Meagan Schipanski; Gary Schnitkey; Lee Schulz; Daniel Schuurman; Karen Schwartzkopf-Genswein; Mark Stephenson; Jada Thompson; Katie Wood. COVID-19 and the agri-food system in the United States and Canada. Agricultural Systems 2020, 188, 103039 -103039.

AMA Style

Alfons Weersink, Mike von Massow, Nicholas Bannon, Jennifer Ifft, Josh Maples, Ken McEwan, Melissa G.S. McKendree, Charles Nicholson, Andrew Novakovic, Anusuya Rangarajan, Timothy Richards, Bradley Rickard, James Rude, Meagan Schipanski, Gary Schnitkey, Lee Schulz, Daniel Schuurman, Karen Schwartzkopf-Genswein, Mark Stephenson, Jada Thompson, Katie Wood. COVID-19 and the agri-food system in the United States and Canada. Agricultural Systems. 2020; 188 ():103039-103039.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alfons Weersink; Mike von Massow; Nicholas Bannon; Jennifer Ifft; Josh Maples; Ken McEwan; Melissa G.S. McKendree; Charles Nicholson; Andrew Novakovic; Anusuya Rangarajan; Timothy Richards; Bradley Rickard; James Rude; Meagan Schipanski; Gary Schnitkey; Lee Schulz; Daniel Schuurman; Karen Schwartzkopf-Genswein; Mark Stephenson; Jada Thompson; Katie Wood. 2020. "COVID-19 and the agri-food system in the United States and Canada." Agricultural Systems 188, no. : 103039-103039.

Articles
Published: 15 December 2020 in Ecological Applications
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Increasing the quantity and quality of plant biomass production in space and time can improve the capacity of agroecosystems to capture and store atmospheric carbon (C) in the soil. Cover cropping is a key practice to increase system net primary productivity (NPP) and increase the quantity of high‐quality plant residues available for integration into soil organic matter (SOM). Cover crop management and local environmental conditions, however, influence the magnitude of soil C stock change. Here, we used a comprehensive meta‐analysis approach to quantify the effect of cover crops on soil C stocks from the 0‐30 cm soil depth in temperate climates and to identify key management and ecological factors that impact variation in this response. A total of 40 publications with 181 observations were included in the meta‐analysis representing six countries across three different continents. Overall, cover crops had a strong positive effect on soil C stocks (p < 0.0001) leading to a 12% increase, averaging 1.11 Mg C ha‐1 more soil C relative to a no cover crop control. The strongest predictors of SOC response to cover cropping were planting and termination date (i.e., growing window), annual cover crop biomass production, and soil clay content. Cover crops planted as continuous cover or autumn planted and terminated led to 20‐30% greater total soil C stocks relative to other cover crop growing windows. Likewise, high annual cover crop biomass production (> 7 Mg ha‐1 yr‐1) resulted in 30% higher total soil C stocks than lower levels of biomass production. Managing for greater NPP by improving synchronization in cover crop growing windows and climate will enhance the capacity of this practice to drawdown carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere across agroecosystems. The integration of growing window (potentially as a proxy for biomass growth), climate, and soil factors in decision‐support tools are relevant for improving the quantification of soil C stock change under cover crops, particularly with the expansion of terrestrial soil C markets.

ACS Style

Shelby C. McClelland; Keith Paustian; Meagan E. Schipanski. Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks: a meta‐analysis. Ecological Applications 2020, 31, e2278 .

AMA Style

Shelby C. McClelland, Keith Paustian, Meagan E. Schipanski. Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks: a meta‐analysis. Ecological Applications. 2020; 31 (3):e2278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shelby C. McClelland; Keith Paustian; Meagan E. Schipanski. 2020. "Management of cover crops in temperate climates influences soil organic carbon stocks: a meta‐analysis." Ecological Applications 31, no. 3: e2278.

Papers on original research
Published: 06 August 2020 in Soil Science Society of America Journal
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Crop production in water‐limited environments may be enhanced through improved soil function by facilitating precipitation capture and erosion control. Soil macrofauna are known to support improved soil structure and water dynamics through ecosystem engineering activities, and their populations can be influenced by management. We examined the effect of bare summer fallow frequency on soil macrofauna communities and soil physical properties in a long‐term (32 yr) dryland no‐till agroecosystem experiment at two sites in eastern Colorado, USA. Treatments represented a gradient of fallow frequency and organic matter inputs, which included wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)‐fallow, wheat‐corn (Zea mays L.)‐fallow, and continuously cropped with no planned summer fallow. The design also included a perennial grass treatment with minimal management consisting of six native grasses. We observed links between soil macrofauna and soil functional metrics, particularly related to soil aggregation and water infiltration. There was a trend toward higher macrofauna populations and soil function with increased cropping system intensity, and perennial grass outperformed the cropped treatments significantly for most soil health parameters. Multivariate analyses revealed that different treatments support relatively distinct macrofauna communities. Our results suggest that soil macrofauna populations may be important facilitators of soil structure and associated water dynamics in dryland no‐till agroecosystems and respond positively to reduced fallow and higher organic inputs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

ACS Style

Courtland Kelly; Meagan Schipanski; Boris Kondratieff; Lucretia Sherrod; Joel Schneekloth; Steven J. Fonte. The effects of dryland cropping system intensity on soil function and associated changes in macrofauna communities. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2020, 84, 1854 -1870.

AMA Style

Courtland Kelly, Meagan Schipanski, Boris Kondratieff, Lucretia Sherrod, Joel Schneekloth, Steven J. Fonte. The effects of dryland cropping system intensity on soil function and associated changes in macrofauna communities. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2020; 84 (6):1854-1870.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Courtland Kelly; Meagan Schipanski; Boris Kondratieff; Lucretia Sherrod; Joel Schneekloth; Steven J. Fonte. 2020. "The effects of dryland cropping system intensity on soil function and associated changes in macrofauna communities." Soil Science Society of America Journal 84, no. 6: 1854-1870.

Editorial
Published: 06 August 2020 in Agricultural Water Management
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ACS Style

Ryan T. Bailey; Meagan Schipanski; Isaya Kisekka. Special issue introduction: Managing the Ogallala. Agricultural Water Management 2020, 242, 106405 .

AMA Style

Ryan T. Bailey, Meagan Schipanski, Isaya Kisekka. Special issue introduction: Managing the Ogallala. Agricultural Water Management. 2020; 242 ():106405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ryan T. Bailey; Meagan Schipanski; Isaya Kisekka. 2020. "Special issue introduction: Managing the Ogallala." Agricultural Water Management 242, no. : 106405.

Review
Published: 04 April 2019 in Sustainability
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Cities are increasingly turning to food policy plans to support goals related to food access, food security, the environment, and economic development. This paper investigates ways that rural farmers, communities, and economies can both support and be supported by metropolitan food-focused initiatives. Specifically, our research question asked what opportunities and barriers exist to developing food policies that support urban food goals, particularly related to local procurement, as well as rural economic development. To address this question, we described and analyzed a meeting of urban stakeholders and larger-scale rural producers related to Colorado’s Denver Food Vision and Plan. We documented and explored “findings” gleaned from a supply chain diagraming and data compilation process that were then used to inform an event that brought together diverse supply chain partners. Three findings stand out. First, facilitating dialog between urban food policymakers and rural producers to understand potential tensions, mitigate such tensions, and capitalize on opportunities is essential. Second, perceptions and expectations surrounding “good food” are nuanced—a timely finding given the number of preferred procurement programs emerging across the county. Third, critical evaluation is needed across a diverse set of value chain strategies (e.g., conventional and alternative distribution) if food policy intends to support heterogeneous producers, their communities, and urban food policy goals.

ACS Style

Becca Jablonski; Michael Carolan; James Hale; Dawn Thilmany McFadden; Erin Love; Libby Christensen; Tabitha Covey; Laura Bellows; Rebecca Cleary; Olaf David; Kevin Jablonski; Andrew Jones; Paul Meiman; Jason Quinn; Elizabeth Ryan; Meagan Schipanski; Hailey Summers; Mark Uchanski. Connecting Urban Food Plans to the Countryside: Leveraging Denver’s Food Vision to Explore Meaningful Rural–Urban Linkages. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2022 .

AMA Style

Becca Jablonski, Michael Carolan, James Hale, Dawn Thilmany McFadden, Erin Love, Libby Christensen, Tabitha Covey, Laura Bellows, Rebecca Cleary, Olaf David, Kevin Jablonski, Andrew Jones, Paul Meiman, Jason Quinn, Elizabeth Ryan, Meagan Schipanski, Hailey Summers, Mark Uchanski. Connecting Urban Food Plans to the Countryside: Leveraging Denver’s Food Vision to Explore Meaningful Rural–Urban Linkages. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):2022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Becca Jablonski; Michael Carolan; James Hale; Dawn Thilmany McFadden; Erin Love; Libby Christensen; Tabitha Covey; Laura Bellows; Rebecca Cleary; Olaf David; Kevin Jablonski; Andrew Jones; Paul Meiman; Jason Quinn; Elizabeth Ryan; Meagan Schipanski; Hailey Summers; Mark Uchanski. 2019. "Connecting Urban Food Plans to the Countryside: Leveraging Denver’s Food Vision to Explore Meaningful Rural–Urban Linkages." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 2022.

Review
Published: 10 January 2019 in JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association
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Irrigated agriculture is a major economic contributor of the High Plains Region and it primarily relies on the High Plains Aquifer as a source of water. Over time, areas of the High Plains Aquifer have experienced drawdowns limiting its ability to supply sufficient water to sustain fully irrigated crop production. This among other reasons, including variable climatic factors and differences in state water policy, has resulted in some areas adopting and practicing deficit irrigation management. Considerable research has been conducted across the High Plains Aquifer region to identify locally appropriate deficit irrigation strategies. This review summarizes and discusses research conducted in Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas, and Texas, as well as highlights areas for future research. Editor's note: This paper is part of the featured series on Optimizing Ogallala Aquifer Water Use to Sustain Food Systems. See the February 2019 issue for the introduction and background to the series.

ACS Style

D.R. Rudnick; S. Irmak; C. West; J.L. Chávez; I. Kisekka; T.H. Marek; J.P. Schneekloth; D. Mitchell McCallister; V. Sharma; K. Djaman; J. Aguilar; Meagan Schipanski; D.H. Rogers; A. Schlegel. Deficit Irrigation Management of Maize in the High Plains Aquifer Region: A Review. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2019, 55, 38 -55.

AMA Style

D.R. Rudnick, S. Irmak, C. West, J.L. Chávez, I. Kisekka, T.H. Marek, J.P. Schneekloth, D. Mitchell McCallister, V. Sharma, K. Djaman, J. Aguilar, Meagan Schipanski, D.H. Rogers, A. Schlegel. Deficit Irrigation Management of Maize in the High Plains Aquifer Region: A Review. JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 2019; 55 (1):38-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

D.R. Rudnick; S. Irmak; C. West; J.L. Chávez; I. Kisekka; T.H. Marek; J.P. Schneekloth; D. Mitchell McCallister; V. Sharma; K. Djaman; J. Aguilar; Meagan Schipanski; D.H. Rogers; A. Schlegel. 2019. "Deficit Irrigation Management of Maize in the High Plains Aquifer Region: A Review." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 55, no. 1: 38-55.

Journal article
Published: 25 July 2018 in BioScience
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ACS Style

Theresa Nogeire-McRae; Elizabeth P Ryan; Becca Jablonski; Michael Carolan; H S Arathi; Cynthia S Brown; Hairik Honarchian Saki; Starin McKeen; Erin Lapansky; Meagan E Schipanski. The Role of Urban Agriculture in a Secure, Healthy, and Sustainable Food System. BioScience 2018, 68, 748 -759.

AMA Style

Theresa Nogeire-McRae, Elizabeth P Ryan, Becca Jablonski, Michael Carolan, H S Arathi, Cynthia S Brown, Hairik Honarchian Saki, Starin McKeen, Erin Lapansky, Meagan E Schipanski. The Role of Urban Agriculture in a Secure, Healthy, and Sustainable Food System. BioScience. 2018; 68 (10):748-759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Theresa Nogeire-McRae; Elizabeth P Ryan; Becca Jablonski; Michael Carolan; H S Arathi; Cynthia S Brown; Hairik Honarchian Saki; Starin McKeen; Erin Lapansky; Meagan E Schipanski. 2018. "The Role of Urban Agriculture in a Secure, Healthy, and Sustainable Food System." BioScience 68, no. 10: 748-759.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Journal of Environmental Quality
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Dryland agroecosystems could be a sizable sink for atmospheric carbon (C) due to their spatial extent and level of degradation, providing climate change mitigation. We examined productivity and soil C dynamics under two climate change scenarios (moderate warming, representative concentration pathway [RCP] 4.5; and high warming, RCP 8.5), using long-term experimental data and the DayCent process-based model for three sites with varying climates and soil conditions in the US High Plains. Each site included a no-till cropping intensity gradient introduced in 1985, with treatments ranging from wheat–fallow (Triticum aestivum L.) to continuous annual cropping and perennial grass. Simulations were extended to 2100 using data from 16 global circulation models to estimate uncertainty. Simulated yields declined for all crops (up to 50% for wheat), with small changes after 2050 under RCP 4.5 and continued losses to 2100 under RCP 8.5. Of the cropped systems, continuous cropping had the highest average productivity and soil C sequestration rates (78.1 kg C ha−1 yr−1 from 2015 to 2045 under RCP 4.5). Any increase in soil C for cropped rotations was realized by 2050, but grassland treatments increased soil C (up to 69%) through 2100, even under RCP 8.5. Our simulations indicate that reduced frequency of summer fallow can both increase annualized yields and store more soil C. As evapotranspiration is likely to increase, reducing fallow periods without live vegetation from dryland agricultural rotations may enhance the resilience of these systems to climate change while also increasing soil C storage and mitigating carbon dioxide emissions. Copyright © 2018. . Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

ACS Style

Andy D. Robertson; Yao Zhang; Lucretia A. Sherrod; Steven T. Rosenzweig; Liwang Ma; Lajpat Ahuja; Meagan E. Schipanski. Climate Change Impacts on Yields and Soil Carbon in Row Crop Dryland Agriculture. Journal of Environmental Quality 2018, 47, 684 -694.

AMA Style

Andy D. Robertson, Yao Zhang, Lucretia A. Sherrod, Steven T. Rosenzweig, Liwang Ma, Lajpat Ahuja, Meagan E. Schipanski. Climate Change Impacts on Yields and Soil Carbon in Row Crop Dryland Agriculture. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2018; 47 (4):684-694.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andy D. Robertson; Yao Zhang; Lucretia A. Sherrod; Steven T. Rosenzweig; Liwang Ma; Lajpat Ahuja; Meagan E. Schipanski. 2018. "Climate Change Impacts on Yields and Soil Carbon in Row Crop Dryland Agriculture." Journal of Environmental Quality 47, no. 4: 684-694.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Journal of Environmental Quality
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No-till and increased cropping intensity (CI) can increase yield and soil organic C (SOC) in the US Great Plains compared with traditional wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow management. However, gains in SOC and other C pools may not be permanent. Increasing frequency of drought may reduce C inputs and potentially reverse gains accrued during wetter periods. This study examined the effect of drought on the persistence of SOC with two objectives: (i) to determine soil C pools (0–20 cm) after 24 yr in no-till as influenced by potential evapotranspiration (PET), landscape position (slope), and CI; and (ii) to compare the size of the C pools after the first 12 yr (wet) versus the subsequent 12 yr, notable for frequent droughts. Rotations were wheat–corn (Zea mays L.)–fallow (WCF), continuous cropping (CC), and a grass Conservation Reserve Program mixture planted across slopes at three sites in Colorado with similar precipitation but increasing PET. After 24 yr, water-soluble organic C increased with CI from WCF to CC to grass with 250, 340, and 440 kg C ha−1, respectively. Soil microbial biomass C also increased with CI–1500, 1660, and 2135 kg C ha−1 for WCF, CC, and grass, respectively. The particulate organic matter C pool had a three-way interaction with PET, slope, and CI. Overall, between Years 12 and 24, SOC increased in grass by 16.9%, with a rate of 425 kg C ha−1 yr−1 sequestration compared with 10.5 and 1.4% for the WCF and CC systems, respectively. Copyright © 2018. . Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

ACS Style

L. A. Sherrod; G. S. McMaster; J. A. Delgado; M. E. Schipanski; Steven Fonte; R. L. Montenieri; K. Larson. Soil Carbon Pools in Dryland Agroecosystems as Affected by Several Years of Drought. Journal of Environmental Quality 2018, 47, 766 -773.

AMA Style

L. A. Sherrod, G. S. McMaster, J. A. Delgado, M. E. Schipanski, Steven Fonte, R. L. Montenieri, K. Larson. Soil Carbon Pools in Dryland Agroecosystems as Affected by Several Years of Drought. Journal of Environmental Quality. 2018; 47 (4):766-773.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. A. Sherrod; G. S. McMaster; J. A. Delgado; M. E. Schipanski; Steven Fonte; R. L. Montenieri; K. Larson. 2018. "Soil Carbon Pools in Dryland Agroecosystems as Affected by Several Years of Drought." Journal of Environmental Quality 47, no. 4: 766-773.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2018 in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
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Rising use and costs of agri-chemical inputs to support agricultural production have placed an economic burden on farmers while contributing to environmental and human health issues. Ecologically based nutrient and weed management – the use of ecological processes to replace external chemical inputs – may represent a strategy to support crop growth while achieving positive environmental and economic outcomes. In dryland agroecosystems around the world, farmers are increasingly transitioning toward no-till and intensified cropping systems, in which unvegetated fallow periods are replaced with crops. This study seeks to determine if cropping system intensification represents an ecologically based strategy for managing nutrients and weeds relative to traditional crop-fallow systems, and to understand the implications for crop production and profitability. We quantified total and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (N), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization of wheat roots and implications for plant phosphorus (P) uptake, 6 years of crop yields, fertilizer and herbicide use, and net operating income across dryland, no-till cropping systems in the semi-arid High Plains, USA. Three levels of cropping system intensity were represented ranging from wheat-fallow (unvegetated fallow every other year) to continuous cropping (no fallow years). After accounting for variability due to environment and site characteristics, total and potentially mineralizable N were 12% and 30% greater in continuous rotations relative to wheat-fallow, respectively. Mid-intensity (fallow every 2 or 3 years) and continuous rotations had roughly 2 and 3 times more AMF colonization than wheat-fallow, respectively, and AMF colonization was positively correlated with wheat plant P concentration. Farmers practicing continuous cropping applied 22 and 34 kg ha−1 less N fertilizer per crop compared to wheat-fallow and mid-intensity, respectively, despite similar and 60% greater annualized crop production than mid-intensity and wheat-fallow rotations, respectively. Additionally, farmers who practiced continuous cropping used less than half the total herbicide used by wheat-fallow farmers. Net operating incomes of continuous and mid-intensity rotations were an estimated 47 USD ha−1 yr−1 (80%) and 42 USD ha−1 yr−1 (70%) more than wheat-fallow, respectively. These results suggest that cropping system intensification, and especially continuous cropping, represents an opportunity to achieve more grain production while managing weeds and nutrients with fewer agri-chemical inputs, leading to greater profitability and improved environmental outcomes in no-till agroecosystems.

ACS Style

Steven T. Rosenzweig; Mary E. Stromberger; Meagan E. Schipanski. Intensified dryland crop rotations support greater grain production with fewer inputs. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2018, 264, 63 -72.

AMA Style

Steven T. Rosenzweig, Mary E. Stromberger, Meagan E. Schipanski. Intensified dryland crop rotations support greater grain production with fewer inputs. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2018; 264 ():63-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steven T. Rosenzweig; Mary E. Stromberger; Meagan E. Schipanski. 2018. "Intensified dryland crop rotations support greater grain production with fewer inputs." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 264, no. : 63-72.

Review article
Published: 22 May 2018 in Geoderma
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The Ogallala Aquifer is one of the largest freshwater aquifers in the world. It acts as a valuable resource in agriculture, animal production, and public water supplies across eight Great Plains states. However, with high irrigation demand, low recharge rates across most of the region, and extreme climate variability, the Ogallala Aquifer has become an exhaustible resource. Some areas of the Ogallala Aquifer region (OAR) are challenged with the transition of irrigated crop systems to dryland production and how to select sustainable management practices to conserve water and soil health. The main goal of this review is to identify the role of soil health in adapting to extreme climate variability with reduced irrigated water. We will describe the OAR, define roles of microorganisms and soil organic matter (SOM) in soil health, outline potential soil health indicators and common methodology, and discuss the importance of soil health assessments and management challenges facing the OAR. Information on this arid to semiarid region will aid in future soil health assessments in regions facing similar challenges.

ACS Style

Amanda Cano; Agustín Núñez; Veronica Acosta-Martinez; Meagan Schipanski; Rajan Ghimire; Charles Rice; Charles West. Current knowledge and future research directions to link soil health and water conservation in the Ogallala Aquifer region. Geoderma 2018, 328, 109 -118.

AMA Style

Amanda Cano, Agustín Núñez, Veronica Acosta-Martinez, Meagan Schipanski, Rajan Ghimire, Charles Rice, Charles West. Current knowledge and future research directions to link soil health and water conservation in the Ogallala Aquifer region. Geoderma. 2018; 328 ():109-118.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amanda Cano; Agustín Núñez; Veronica Acosta-Martinez; Meagan Schipanski; Rajan Ghimire; Charles Rice; Charles West. 2018. "Current knowledge and future research directions to link soil health and water conservation in the Ogallala Aquifer region." Geoderma 328, no. : 109-118.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
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Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) is a critical but daunting challenge in semi-arid agroecosystems. For dryland farmers, low levels of SOC and aggregation exacerbate the risks of farming in a water-limited environment − risks that will compound with climate change. Many dryland farmers in semi-arid climates use year long periods called summer fallow, where no crops are grown and weeds are controlled, to store rainwater and increase the yield of the following crop. In semi-arid climates around the world, dryland farmers are increasingly replacing summer fallow with a crop, a form of cropping system intensification. Cropping system intensification has the potential to increase SOC, but the drivers of this effect are unclear, and may change based on environmental conditions and management strategy. We quantified SOC, water-stable aggregates, and fungal and microbial biomass on 96 dryland, no-till fields in the semi-arid Great Plains, USA, representing three levels of cropping system intensity from wheat-fallow to continuous (no summer fallow) rotations along a potential evapotranspiration gradient. Cropping system intensity was positively associated with SOC, aggregation, and fungal biomass, and these effects were robust amidst variability in environmental and management factors. Continuous rotations averaged 1.28% SOC at 0–10 cm and had 17% and 12% higher SOC concentrations than wheat-fallow in 0–10 cm and 0–20 cm depths, respectively. Aggregate stability in continuous rotations was about twice that in wheat-fallow rotations. Fungal biomass was three times greater in continuous rotations than wheat-fallow, but was not significantly different from mid-intensity rotations. Using structural equation modeling, we observed that continuous cropping, potential evapotranspiration, % clay content, and fungal biomass together explained 50% of the variability in SOC, and that SOC appears to enhance aggregation directly and as mediated through increases in fungal biomass. Overall, the model suggests that cropping system intensity increases SOC both directly, through greater C inputs to soil, and indirectly, by increasing fungal biomass and aggregation. Our findings suggest that continuous cropping has the potential to provide gains in SOC and soil structure that will help offset C emissions and enhance the resilience of dryland agroecosystems.

ACS Style

Steven Rosenzweig; Steven J. Fonte; Meagan Schipanski. Intensifying rotations increases soil carbon, fungi, and aggregation in semi-arid agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2018, 258, 14 -22.

AMA Style

Steven Rosenzweig, Steven J. Fonte, Meagan Schipanski. Intensifying rotations increases soil carbon, fungi, and aggregation in semi-arid agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2018; 258 ():14-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steven Rosenzweig; Steven J. Fonte; Meagan Schipanski. 2018. "Intensifying rotations increases soil carbon, fungi, and aggregation in semi-arid agroecosystems." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 258, no. : 14-22.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2017 in Weed Science
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Interest in planting mixtures of cover crop species has grown in recent years as farmers seek to increase the breadth of ecosystem services cover crops provide. As part of a multidisciplinary project, we quantified the degree to which monocultures and mixtures of cover crops suppress weeds during the fall-to-spring cover crop growing period. Weed-suppressive cover crop stands can limit weed seed rain from summer- and winter-annual species, reducing weed population growth and ultimately weed pressure in future cash crop stands. We established monocultures and mixtures of two legumes (medium red clover and Austrian winter pea), two grasses (cereal rye and oats), and two brassicas (forage radish and canola) in a long fall growing window following winter wheat harvest and in a shorter window following silage corn harvest. In fall of the long window, grass cover crops and mixtures were the most weed suppressive, whereas legume cover crops were the least weed suppressive. All mixtures also effectively suppressed weeds. This was likely primarily due to the presence of fast-growing grass species, which were effective even when they were seeded at only 20% of their monoculture rate. In spring, weed biomass was low in all treatments due to winter kill of summer-annual weeds and low germination of winter annuals. In the short window following silage corn, biomass accumulation by cover crops and weeds in the fall was more than an order of magnitude lower than in the longer window. However, there was substantial weed seed production in the spring in all treatments not containing cereal rye (monoculture or mixture). Our results suggest that cover crop mixtures require only low seeding rates of aggressive grass species to provide weed suppression. This creates an opportunity for other species to deliver additional ecosystem services, though careful species selection may be required to maintain mixture diversity and avoid dominance of winter-hardy cover crop grasses in the spring.

ACS Style

Barbara Baraibar; Mitchell C. Hunter; Meagan Schipanski; Abbe Hamilton; David A. Mortensen. Weed Suppression in Cover Crop Monocultures and Mixtures. Weed Science 2017, 66, 121 -133.

AMA Style

Barbara Baraibar, Mitchell C. Hunter, Meagan Schipanski, Abbe Hamilton, David A. Mortensen. Weed Suppression in Cover Crop Monocultures and Mixtures. Weed Science. 2017; 66 (1):121-133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbara Baraibar; Mitchell C. Hunter; Meagan Schipanski; Abbe Hamilton; David A. Mortensen. 2017. "Weed Suppression in Cover Crop Monocultures and Mixtures." Weed Science 66, no. 1: 121-133.

Regular article
Published: 13 April 2017 in Plant and Soil
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Rhizosphere priming occurs when plant belowground carbon (C) allocation influences the rate of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition. We investigated the effects of priming and plant-mediated cover crop decomposition on agroecosystem C and nitrogen (N) dynamics. Using C stable isotopes, we tracked C and N from corn, clover (Trifolium pratense) and rye (Secale cereale) cover crop litter, and background SOM in plots following clover, rye, or no cover crop (fallow) in 2013 and 2014. Corn enhanced the decomposition of N-rich clover cover crop litter in 2013, but there was little evidence of priming of bulk SOM decomposition. There was no corn effect on litterbag decomposition in 2014, likely due to greater soil moisture and temperature in no-corn plots. Corn N uptake per unit of corn-derived CO2 respiration was consistently lower following rye than clover and fallow, suggesting a higher C cost for corn to access N following a rye cover crop. This is one of the first field-based studies to provide evidence that plant-mediated litter decomposition potentially provides an important source of plant-available N. Climate and residue quality influence the extent to which corn mediates its own N supply with implications for agroecosystem C and N cycling.

ACS Style

Steven T. Rosenzweig; Meagan Schipanski; Jason P. Kaye. Rhizosphere priming and plant-mediated cover crop decomposition. Plant and Soil 2017, 417, 127 -139.

AMA Style

Steven T. Rosenzweig, Meagan Schipanski, Jason P. Kaye. Rhizosphere priming and plant-mediated cover crop decomposition. Plant and Soil. 2017; 417 (1-2):127-139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Steven T. Rosenzweig; Meagan Schipanski; Jason P. Kaye. 2017. "Rhizosphere priming and plant-mediated cover crop decomposition." Plant and Soil 417, no. 1-2: 127-139.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Soil Science Society of America Journal
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ACS Style

Francisco J. Calderón; Steve Culman; Johan Six; Alan J. Franzluebbers; Meagan Schipanski; Joshua Beniston; Stuart Grandy; Angela Y. Y. Kong. Quantification of Soil Permanganate Oxidizable C (POXC) Using Infrared Spectroscopy. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2017, 81, 277 -288.

AMA Style

Francisco J. Calderón, Steve Culman, Johan Six, Alan J. Franzluebbers, Meagan Schipanski, Joshua Beniston, Stuart Grandy, Angela Y. Y. Kong. Quantification of Soil Permanganate Oxidizable C (POXC) Using Infrared Spectroscopy. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2017; 81 (2):277-288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco J. Calderón; Steve Culman; Johan Six; Alan J. Franzluebbers; Meagan Schipanski; Joshua Beniston; Stuart Grandy; Angela Y. Y. Kong. 2017. "Quantification of Soil Permanganate Oxidizable C (POXC) Using Infrared Spectroscopy." Soil Science Society of America Journal 81, no. 2: 277-288.

Journal article
Published: 22 February 2017 in BioScience
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The prevailing discourse on the future of agriculture is dominated by an imbalanced narrative that calls for food production to increase dramatically—potentially doubling by 2050—without specifying commensurate environmental goals. We aim to rebalance this narrative by laying out quantitative and compelling midcentury targets for both production and the environment. Our analysis shows that an increase of approximately 25%–70% above current production levels may be sufficient to meet 2050 crop demand. At the same time, nutrient losses and greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture must drop dramatically to restore and maintain ecosystem functioning. Specifying quantitative targets will clarify the scope of the challenges that agriculture must face in the coming decades, focus research and policy on achieving specific outcomes, and ensure that sustainable intensification efforts lead to measurable environmental improvements. We propose new directions for research and policy to help meet both sustainability and production goals.

ACS Style

Mitchell C. Hunter; Richard G. Smith; Meagan Schipanski; Lesley W. Atwood; David A. Mortensen. Agriculture in 2050: Recalibrating Targets for Sustainable Intensification. BioScience 2017, 67, 386 -391.

AMA Style

Mitchell C. Hunter, Richard G. Smith, Meagan Schipanski, Lesley W. Atwood, David A. Mortensen. Agriculture in 2050: Recalibrating Targets for Sustainable Intensification. BioScience. 2017; 67 (4):386-391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mitchell C. Hunter; Richard G. Smith; Meagan Schipanski; Lesley W. Atwood; David A. Mortensen. 2017. "Agriculture in 2050: Recalibrating Targets for Sustainable Intensification." BioScience 67, no. 4: 386-391.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2017 in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
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ACS Style

Meagan Schipanski; Mary Barbercheck; Ebony G. Murrell; Jayson Harper; Denise M. Finney; Jason P. Kaye; David A. Mortensen; Richard G. Smith. Balancing multiple objectives in organic feed and forage cropping systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2017, 239, 219 -227.

AMA Style

Meagan Schipanski, Mary Barbercheck, Ebony G. Murrell, Jayson Harper, Denise M. Finney, Jason P. Kaye, David A. Mortensen, Richard G. Smith. Balancing multiple objectives in organic feed and forage cropping systems. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2017; 239 ():219-227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meagan Schipanski; Mary Barbercheck; Ebony G. Murrell; Jayson Harper; Denise M. Finney; Jason P. Kaye; David A. Mortensen; Richard G. Smith. 2017. "Balancing multiple objectives in organic feed and forage cropping systems." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 239, no. : 219-227.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2017 in Agricultural Systems
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ACS Style

Rachel Bezner Kerr; Malcolm Blackie; Anja Christinck; Czech Conroy; Laurie E. Drinkwater; Louise E. Jackson; George Kanyama-Phiri; Richard Lamboll; Vicki Morrone; John Morton; Barry Pound; Meagan Schipanski; Sieglinde Snapp; Tanya Stathers; Peter Thorne; Robert Tripp; Kate Wellard; Eva Weltzien. List of Contributors. Agricultural Systems 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Rachel Bezner Kerr, Malcolm Blackie, Anja Christinck, Czech Conroy, Laurie E. Drinkwater, Louise E. Jackson, George Kanyama-Phiri, Richard Lamboll, Vicki Morrone, John Morton, Barry Pound, Meagan Schipanski, Sieglinde Snapp, Tanya Stathers, Peter Thorne, Robert Tripp, Kate Wellard, Eva Weltzien. List of Contributors. Agricultural Systems. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel Bezner Kerr; Malcolm Blackie; Anja Christinck; Czech Conroy; Laurie E. Drinkwater; Louise E. Jackson; George Kanyama-Phiri; Richard Lamboll; Vicki Morrone; John Morton; Barry Pound; Meagan Schipanski; Sieglinde Snapp; Tanya Stathers; Peter Thorne; Robert Tripp; Kate Wellard; Eva Weltzien. 2017. "List of Contributors." Agricultural Systems , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2017 in Agricultural Systems
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ACS Style

Laurie Drinkwater; Meagan Schipanski; Sieglinde Snapp; Louise E. Jackson. Ecologically Based Nutrient Management. Agricultural Systems 2017, 203 -257.

AMA Style

Laurie Drinkwater, Meagan Schipanski, Sieglinde Snapp, Louise E. Jackson. Ecologically Based Nutrient Management. Agricultural Systems. 2017; ():203-257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laurie Drinkwater; Meagan Schipanski; Sieglinde Snapp; Louise E. Jackson. 2017. "Ecologically Based Nutrient Management." Agricultural Systems , no. : 203-257.